Objective-C基础—数字对象NSNumber

到目前为止，我们所接触的数字类型，int型，float型，long型都是Objective-C语言中的基本数据类型，它们不是对象，也就是说，不能够向它们发送消息。然而有时需要将这些值作为对象使用。比如，使用Foundation的NSArray对象创建数组，它要求存储的值必须未对象，因此不能将基本数据类型直接存储到数组中。

NSNumber类可以根据数据的类型创建对象。

//声明对象与变量
        NSNumber *myNumber, *floatNumber, *intNumber;
        
        //integer 型
        intNumber = [NSNumber numberWithInteger:100];
        int i = intNumber.intValue;
        NSLog(@"numberWithInteger:%i", i);
        
        // long型
        myNumber = [NSNumber numberWithLong:0xabcdef];
        NSLog(@"numberWithLong:%li", myNumber.longValue);
        
        // char 型
        myNumber = [NSNumber numberWithChar:'A'];
        NSLog(@"numberWithChar:%c", myNumber.charValue);
        
        // float 型
        floatNumber = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:0.333];
        NSLog(@"numberWithFloat:%f", floatNumber.floatValue);
        
        // double 型
        myNumber = [NSNumber numberWithDouble:23.84888];
        NSLog(@"numberWithDouble:%f", myNumber.doubleValue);

注：上面从NSNumber对象中获取值必须要和存储到NSNumber对象里面的数值类型一致.

//NSLog输出
2014-11-06 16:47:30.445 ObjectiveCLearn[10914:303] numberWithInteger:100
2014-11-06 16:47:30.446 ObjectiveCLearn[10914:303] numberWithLong:11259375
2014-11-06 16:47:30.446 ObjectiveCLearn[10914:303] numberWithChar:A
2014-11-06 16:47:30.446 ObjectiveCLearn[10914:303] numberWithFloat:0.333000
2014-11-06 16:47:30.447 ObjectiveCLearn[10914:303] numberWithDouble:23.848880

当然,现在Objective-c已经引入了ARC自动引用计数,可以方便的自动处理内存,所以我们也可以方便的使用初始化实例方法：

intWithChar:
intWithShort:
intWithInt:
intWithLong
intWithFloat:
......

//基本使用

NSNumber *number1 = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:3.14];
NSNumber *number2 = [NSNumber numberWithInt:10];
//比较两个数是否相等
if ([number1 isEqualToNumber:number2]) {
    NSLog(@"number1 equal number2");
}else {
    NSLog(@"numbers are not equal");
}
// 验证一个Number是否小于、等于或大于另一个Number
if ([number1 compare:number2] == NSOrderedAscending) {
    NSLog(@"First number is less than second");
}

isEqualToNumber：比较两个NSNumber对象的数值,程序会返回BOOL值查看这两个值是否相等.
compure: 测试一个值是否在数值上小于、等于或者大于另外一个值，当number1小于number2的时候返回NSOrderedAscending，但两个值相等这返回NSOrderdSame，如果number2大于number1则返回NSOrderedDescending。

下面列举除了Api文档中对NSNumber的创建等方法,也可以查看一下NSDecimalNumber类的相关文档，它是NSNumber的子类,在对象层面上提供了一些数值的四则运算

<pre name="code" class="objc" style="font-size: 13.3333339691162px;">初始化NSNumber对象

<pre name="code" class="objc">- (id)initWithChar:(char)value;
- (id)initWithUnsignedChar:(unsigned char)value;
- (id)initWithShort:(short)value;
- (id)initWithUnsignedShort:(unsigned short)value;
- (id)initWithInt:(int)value;
- (id)initWithUnsignedInt:(unsigned int)value;
- (id)initWithLong:(long)value;
- (id)initWithUnsignedLong:(unsigned long)value;
- (id)initWithLongLong:(long long)value;
- (id)initWithUnsignedLongLong:(unsigned long long)value;
- (id)initWithFloat:(float)value;
- (id)initWithDouble:(double)value;
- (id)initWithBool:(BOOL)value;
- (id)initWithInteger:(NSInteger)value NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);
- (id)initWithUnsignedInteger:(NSUInteger)value NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);

<pre name="code" class="objc" style="font-size: 13.3333339691162px;">创建NSNumber对象

<pre name="code" class="objc">+ (NSNumber *)numberWithChar:(char)value;
+ (NSNumber *)numberWithUnsignedChar:(unsigned char)value;
+ (NSNumber *)numberWithShort:(short)value;
+ (NSNumber *)numberWithUnsignedShort:(unsigned short)value;
+ (NSNumber *)numberWithInt:(int)value;
+ (NSNumber *)numberWithUnsignedInt:(unsigned int)value;
+ (NSNumber *)numberWithLong:(long)value;
+ (NSNumber *)numberWithUnsignedLong:(unsigned long)value;
+ (NSNumber *)numberWithLongLong:(long long)value;
+ (NSNumber *)numberWithUnsignedLongLong:(unsigned long long)value;
+ (NSNumber *)numberWithFloat:(float)value;
+ (NSNumber *)numberWithDouble:(double)value;
+ (NSNumber *)numberWithBool:(BOOL)value;
+ (NSNumber *)numberWithInteger:(NSInteger)value NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);
+ (NSNumber *)numberWithUnsignedInteger:(NSUInteger)value NS_AVAILABLE(10_5, 2_0);

// 检索实例方法

– boolValue– charValue– decimalValue– doubleValue– floatValue– intValue– integerValue– longLongValue– longValue– shortValue– unsignedCharValue– unsignedIntegerValue– unsignedIntValue– unsignedLongLongValue– unsignedLongValue– unsignedShortValue检索字符串表示形式– descriptionWithLocale:– stringValue比较NSNumber对象– compare:– isEqualToNumber:访问类型信息– objCType