Python对象拷贝之浅拷贝与深拷贝

对象拷贝

• 浅拷贝
• 深拷贝

浅拷贝与深拷贝

定义：进行浅拷贝时，先创建一个与拷贝对象1一样的类型对象2，然后再对对象2中的各个元素的引用拷贝并添加到对象2中。
Warning:不管是浅拷贝和深拷贝，只要拷贝的对象是非容器类型（比如字符串，数字和其他原子类型）就不能进行拷贝而是添加引用

拷贝方式：完全切片操作[:]、内建函数（list()、tuple()等）、copy模块的copy函数copy.copy()

>>> person = ['name', ['saving', 100]]
>>> hubby = person
>>> wife = person[:]
>>> [id(x) for x in person, hubby, wife]   
[42440264L, 42440264L, 42452360L]       #hubby与wife的身份不一样
>>> [id(x) for x in hubby ]
[36787064L, 37300232L]
>>> [id(x) for x in wife]
[36787064L, 37300232L]
>>> hubby, wife
(['name', ['saving', 50]], ['name', ['saving', 50]])  #1
>>> [id(x) for x in hubby ]
[36787064L, 37300232L]
>>> [id(x) for x in wife]
[36787064L, 37300232L]

为何注释1两个对象的100会变成50，这是因为无论改变hubby还是、wife的object[1][1]都是对person[1][1]的改变，没错就是引用，类似C语言中的指针。

深拷贝

定义：进行深拷贝时，先创建一个与拷贝对象1一样的类型对象2，然后再对对象2中的各个元素一模一样拷贝并添加到对象2中。

>>> import copy
>>> hubby = copy.deepcopy(person)
>>> wife, hubby
(['name', ['saving', 50]], ['name', ['saving', 50]])
>>> [id(x) for x in wife]         #1
[36787064L, 423234242L]
>>> [id(x) for x in hubby]
[36787064L, 42504968L]            #2
>>> wife[1][1] = 25
>>> wife, hubby
(['name', ['saving', 25]], ['name', ['saving', 50]])   #3
>>> [id(x) for x in hubby]
[36787064L, 42504968L]            #5
>>> [id(x) for x in wife]
[36787064L, 37300232L]            #6
>>> hubby[0] = 'Michael'
>>> wife[1] = 'ave'
>>> [id(x) for x in wife]
[36787064L, 42475728L]            #7
>>> [id(x) for x in hubby]
[42476608L, 42504968L]            #8
>>> a  = 0
>>> import copy
>>> b = copy.deepcopy(a)
>>> id(a); id(b)
36987344L
36987344L
>>> a= [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> b = [1,2,3,4,5]
>>> id(a) ; id(b)
42507080L
42440072L
>>> b= (1,2,3,4,'hello')
>>> a = copy.deepcopy(b)
>>> id(a);id(b)
41897656L
41897656L
>>> a = [1,2,3,54,5,'hacker']
>>> b = copy.deepcopy(a)
>>> a
[1, 2, 3, 54, 5, 'hacker']
>>> id(a);id(b)
42440072L
42507464L

solve:

• 1和2和3注释：因为第二个元素是完全复制所以id不一样，不是同一个对象。至于第一个元素。以为其实字符串，所以请看上面的Warning。

• 7和8注释：因为第一个元素不是同一个对象。

• 最后两行：深拷贝对于内部元素只包含原子类型对象的元组只进行浅拷贝，对于列表则不会。

Summary:

• 两种拷贝都会创建一个新对象，通过id函数识别身份。

• 深拷贝对对象（除了原子类型）完全地拷贝，拷贝之后虽然；而浅拷贝只是对对象进行引用。