linux 内核 struct file_operations中 ioctl 变为 unlocked_ioctl

1、消失的确切时间
    ioctl的消失到底是从哪个版本开始的？网上给出的时间是2.6.36开始。网上就是这么说，但是自己必须找到代码中的证据。于是我通过git搜索主线内核代码，找到的删除ioctl的那个提交：

commit b19dd42faf413b4705d4adb38521e82d73fa4249
Author: Arnd Bergmann
Date: Sun Jul 4 00:15:10 2010 +0200
bkl: Remove locked .ioctl file operation
The last user is gone, so we can safely remove this
Signed-off-by: Arnd Bergmann
Cc: John Kacur
Cc: Al Viro
Cc: Thomas Gleixner
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker

好不容易找到了这个提交，好的，这样就可以确定消失的时间了：

git tag --contains b19dd42
v2.6.36
v2.6.36-rc1
v2.6.36-rc2
v2.6.36-rc3
v2.6.36-rc4
v2.6.36-rc5
v2.6.36-rc6
v2.6.36-rc7
v2.6.36-rc8
......以下省略ooxx行

可以证明ioctl消失的版本是v2.6.35到v2.6.36-rc1间，于是我导出了v2.6.35到v2.6.36-rc1的补丁，果真在其中！
git diff v2.6.35..v2.6.36-rc1 > ./temp.patch

 

2、消失的原因

   简单的概括：这次ioctl的消失，并不是要把ioctl清理出去，而是要逐步的清理大内核锁（BKL）。

   这个让ioctl消失的过渡期长达5年，从2005年开始内核黑客就开始替换ioctl了。

 

3、ioctl的替代者

    对于原来的ioctl，其实可以叫做locked ioctl。这个其实是相对于他的替代方法来讲的。我们来看看2.6.35以前在struct file_operations中有关ioctl的成员：

/*
 * NOTE:
 * read, write, poll, fsync, readv, writev, unlocked_ioctl and compat_ioctl
 * can be called without the big kernel lock held in all filesystems.
 */
struct file_operations {
    struct module *owner;
    loff_t (*llseek) (struct file *, loff_t, int);
    ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
    ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
    ssize_t (*aio_read) (struct kiocb *, const struct iovec *, unsigned long, loff_t);
    ssize_t (*aio_write) (struct kiocb *, const struct iovec *, unsigned long, loff_t);
    int (*readdir) (struct file *, void *, filldir_t);
    unsigned int (*poll) (struct file *, struct poll_table_struct *);
    int (*ioctl) (struct inode *, struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
    long (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
    long (*compat_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
    int (*mmap) (struct file *, struct vm_area_struct *);
    int (*open) (struct inode *, struct file *);
    int (*flush) (struct file *, fl_owner_t id);
    int (*release) (struct inode *, struct file *);
    int (*fsync) (struct file *, struct dentry *, int datasync);
    int (*aio_fsync) (struct kiocb *, int datasync);
    int (*fasync) (int, struct file *, int);
    int (*lock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);
    ssize_t (*sendpage) (struct file *, struct page *, int, size_t, loff_t *, int);
    unsigned long (*get_unmapped_area)(struct file *, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long);
    int (*check_flags)(int);
    int (*flock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);
    ssize_t (*splice_write)(struct pipe_inode_info *, struct file *, loff_t *, size_t, unsigned int);
    ssize_t (*splice_read)(struct file *, loff_t *, struct pipe_inode_info *, size_t, unsigned int);
    int (*setlease)(struct file *, long, struct file_lock **);
};

这个结构体其实是在过渡期的结构体，unlocked_ioctl就是ioctl的替代者。对于新的驱动，不要再使用ioctl了，而是使用unlocked_ioctl。

 

4、调用ioctl与unlocked_ioctl在内核代码上的不同

   其实ioctl与unlocked_ioctl所对应的系统调用都是ioctl。但是在应用层调用ioctl的时候，对于我们实现ioctl或者unlocked_ioctl有什么不同呢？这里我们可以追溯一下ioctl系统调用代码的执行过程，这里我简单的写出这个系统调用对于设备驱动（一般是设备驱动使用ioctl）的执行顺序： (fs/ioctl.c)

 SYSCALL_DEFINE3(ioctl, unsigned int, fd, unsigned int, cmd, unsigned long, arg)--->do_vfs_ioctl---> vfs_ioctl 

而ioctl与unlocked_ioctl的区别就体现在了这个vfs_ioctl中，我们先来看ioctl被删除前的函数：

/**
 * vfs_ioctl - call filesystem specific ioctl methods
 * @filp:    open file to invoke ioctl method on
 * @cmd:    ioctl command to execute
 * @arg:    command-specific argument for ioctl
 *
 * Invokes filesystem specific ->unlocked_ioctl, if one exists; otherwise
 * invokes filesystem specific ->ioctl method. If neither method exists,
 * returns -ENOTTY.
 *
 * Returns 0 on success, -errno on error.
 */
static long vfs_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd,
         unsigned long arg)
{
    int error = -ENOTTY;

    if (!filp->f_op)
        goto out;

    if (filp->f_op->unlocked_ioctl) {
        error = filp->f_op->unlocked_ioctl(filp, cmd, arg);
        if (error == -ENOIOCTLCMD)
            error = -EINVAL;
        goto out;
    } else if (filp->f_op->ioctl) {
        lock_kernel();
        error = filp->f_op->ioctl(filp->f_path.dentry->d_inode,
                     filp, cmd, arg);
        unlock_kernel();
    }

 out:
    return error;
}

从这个函数中我们可以看出：

1.ioctl是受到大内核锁保护的，而unlocked_ioctl是直接执行的。

2.unlocked_ioctl优先级高于ioctl，如果存在unlocked_ioctl，则执行unlocked_ioctl，否则才执行ioctl。这个优先级的产生明显是为了过渡。

而在ioctl被删除后，vfs_ioctl函数也做了相应的改变（Linux-3.0）：

/**
 * vfs_ioctl - call filesystem specific ioctl methods
 * @filp:    open file to invoke ioctl method on
 * @cmd:    ioctl command to execute
 * @arg:    command-specific argument for ioctl
 *
 * Invokes filesystem specific ->unlocked_ioctl, if one exists; otherwise
 * returns -ENOTTY.
 *
 * Returns 0 on success, -errno on error.
 */
static long vfs_ioctl(struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd,
         unsigned long arg)
{
    int error = -ENOTTY;

    if (!filp->f_op || !filp->f_op->unlocked_ioctl)
        goto out;

    error = filp->f_op->unlocked_ioctl(filp, cmd, arg);
    if (error == -ENOIOCTLCMD)
        error = -EINVAL;
 out:
    return error;
}

 

5、在驱动编程时的注意事项

在注册文件操作方法的结构体

struct file_operations的时候原先的.ioctl=OOXX;替换为 .unlocked_ioctl=OOXX;

但是要注意ioctl和unlocked_ioctl的定义有一点不同：unlocked_ioctl少了一个inode参数。但是如果方法中真的需要其中的数据，可以通过filp->f_dentry->d_inode获得。

由于失去了大内核锁的保护，所以必须在unlocked_ioctl方法中自行实现锁机制，以保证不会在操作设备的时候（特别在SMP系统中）产生竞态。（也就实现了用小锁替换大锁）