keepalived
文章目录
1. 概述
什么是keepalived?
-
Keepalived起初是为LVS设计的,专门用来监控集群系统中各个服务节点的状态,它根据TCP/IP参考模型的第三、第四层、第五层交换机制检测每个服务节点的状态,如果某个服务器节点出现异常,或者工作出现故障,Keepalived将检测到,并将出现的故障的服务器节点从集群系统中剔除,这些工作全部是自动完成的,不需要人工干涉,需要人工完成的只是修复出现故障的服务节点
-
后来Keepalived又加入了VRRP的功能,VRRP(VritrualRouterRedundancyProtocol,虚拟路由冗余协议)出现的目的是解决静态路由出现的单点故障问题,通过VRRP可以实现网络不间断稳定运行,因此Keepalvied一方面具有服务器状态检测和故障隔离功能,另外一方面也有高可用功能
-
健康检查和失败切换是keepalived的两大核心功能。所谓的健康检查,就是采用tcp三次握手,icmp请求,http请求,udp echo请求等方式对负载均衡器后面的实际的服务器(通常是承载真实业务的服务器)进行保活;而失败切换主要是应用于配置了主备模式的负载均衡器,利用VRRP维持主备负载均衡器的心跳,当主负载均衡器出现问题时,由备负载均衡器承载对应的业务,从而在最大限度上减少流量损失,并提供服务的稳定性
keepalived主要的功能: -
管理LVS负载均衡软件
-
实现LVS集群节点的健康检查
-
作为系统网络服务的高可用性(failover)
2. VRRP协议与工作原理
主机之间的通信都是通过配置静态路由或者(默认网关)来完成的,而主机之间的路由器一旦发生故障,就会导致不能通信,因此这种通信模式当中,路由器就成了一个单点瓶颈,为了解决这个问题,就引入了VRRP协议
VRRP协议是一种容错的主备模式的协议,保证当主机的下一跳路由出现故障时,由另一台路由器来代替出现故障的路由器进行工作,通过VRRP可以在网络发生故障时透明的进行设备切换而不影响主机之间的数据通信
虚拟路由器:虚拟路由器是VRRP备份组中所有路由器的集合,它是一个逻辑概念,并不是正真存在的。从备份组外面看备份组中的路由器,感觉组中的所有路由器就像一个 一样,可以理解为在一个组中: 主路由器+所有备份路由器=虚拟路由器。虚拟路由器有一个虚拟的IP地址和MAC地址。主机将虚拟路由器当作默认网关。虚拟MAC地址的格式为00-00-5E-00-01-{VRID}。通常情况下,虚拟路由器回应ARP请求使用的是虚拟MAC地址,只有虚拟路由器做特殊配置的时候,才回应接口的真实MAC地址。
主路由器(MASTER):虚拟路由器通过虚拟IP对外提供服务,而在虚拟路由器内部同一时间只有一台物理路由器对外提供服务,这台提供服务的物理路由器被称为主路由器。一般情况下Master是由选举算法产生,它拥有对外服务的虚拟IP,提供各种网络功能,如:ARP请求,ICMP数据转发等。
**备份路由器(BACKUP):**虚拟路由器中的其他物理路由器不拥有对外的虚拟IP,也不对外提供网络功能,仅接受MASTER的VRRP状态通告信息,这些路由器被称为备份路由器。当主路由器失败时,处于BACKUP角色的备份路由器将重新进行选举,产生一个新的主路由器进入MASTER角色,继续提供对外服务,整个切换对用户来说是完全透明的。
工作流程:
1.路由器使用VRRP 功能后,会根据优先级确定自己在备份组中的角色。优先级高的路由器成为Master 路由器,优先级低的成为Backup 路由器。
2.Master 拥有对外服务的虚拟IP,提供各种网络功能,并定期发送VRRP 报文,通知备份组内的其他设备自己工作正常
3.Backup 路由器只接收Master 发来的报文信息,用来监控Master 的运行状态。当Master 失效时,Backup 路由器进行选举,优先级高的Backup 将成为新的Master
在抢占方式下,当Backup 路由器收到VRRP 报文后,会将自己的优先级与报文中的优先级进行比较。如果大于通告报文中的优先级,则成为Master 路由器;否则将保持Backup状态
在非抢占方式下,只要Master 路由器没有出现故障,备份组中的路由器始终保持Master 或Backup 状态,Backup 路由器即使随后被配置了更高的优先级也不会成为Master 路由器
如果Backup 路由器的定时器超时后仍未收到Master 路由器发送来的VRRP报文,则认为Master 路由器已经无法正常工作,此时Backup 路由器会认为自己是Master 路由器,并对外发送VRRP报文。备份组内的路由器根据优先级选举出Master 路由器,承担报文的转发功能
3. keepalived工作原理
故障转移的原理:
在 Keepalived 服务正常工作时,主 Master 节点会不断地向备节点发送(多播的方式)心跳消息,用以告诉备 Backup 节点自己还活看,当主 Master 节点发生故障时,就无法发送心跳消息,备节点也就因此无法继续检测到来自主 Master 节点的心跳了,于是调用自身的接管程序,接管主 Master 节点的 IP 资源及服务。而当主 Master 节点恢复时,备 Backup 节点又会释放主节点故障时自身接管的IP资源及服务,恢复到原来的备用角色
工作原理:
Keepalived高可用是通过 VRRP 协议进行通信的, VRRP 通过竞选机制来确定主备,主的优先级高于备,因此,工作时主会优先获得所有的资源,备节点处于等待状态,当主挂了的时候,备节点就会接管主节点的资源,然后顶替主节点对外提供服务。
在 Keepalived 服务之间,只有作为主的服务器会一直发送 VRRP 组播包,告诉备它还活着,此时备不会抢占主,当主不可用时,即备监听不到主发送的组播包时,就会启动相关服务接管资源,保证业务的连续性,接管速度最快可以小于1秒
4. keepalived配置文件
keepalived 的主配置文件是 /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
[root@master ~]# catcat /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs { //全局配置
notification_email { //定义报警收件人邮件地址
acassen@firewall.loc
failover@firewall.loc
sysadmin@firewall.loc
}
notification_email_from Alexandre.Cassen@firewall.loc //定义报警发件人邮箱
smtp_server 192.168.200.1 //邮箱服务器地址
smtp_connect_timeout 30 //定义邮箱超时时间
router_id LVS_DEVEL //定义路由标识信息,同局域网内唯一
vrrp_skip_check_adv_addr
vrrp_strict
vrrp_garp_interval 0
vrrp_gna_interval 0
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 { //定义实例
state MASTER //指定keepalived节点的初始状态,可选值为MASTER|BACKUP
interface eth0 //VRRP实例绑定的网卡接口,用户发送VRRP包
virtual_router_id 51 //虚拟路由的ID,同一集群要一致
priority 100 //定义优先级,按优先级来决定主备角色,优先级越大越优先
nopreempt //设置不抢占
advert_int 1 //主备通讯时间间隔
authentication { //配置认证
auth_type PASS //认证方式,此处为密码
auth_pass 1111 //同一集群中的keepalived配置里的此处必须一致,推荐使用8位随机数
}
virtual_ipaddress { //配置要使用的VIP地址
192.168.200.16
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.200.16 1358 { //配置虚拟服务器
delay_loop 6 //健康检查的时间间隔
lb_algo rr //lvs调度算法
lb_kind NAT //lvs模式
persistence_timeout 50 //持久化超时时间,单位是秒
protocol TCP //4层协议
sorry_server 192.168.200.200 1358 //定义备用服务器,当所有RS都故障时用sorry_server来响应客户端
real_server 192.168.200.2 1358 { //定义真实处理请求的服务器
weight 1 //给服务器指定权重,默认为1
HTTP_GET {
url {
path /testurl/test.jsp //指定要检查的URL路径
digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d //摘要信息
}
url {
path /testurl2/test.jsp
digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d
}
url {
path /testurl3/test.jsp
digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334d
}
connect_timeout 3 //连接超时时间
nb_get_retry 3 //get尝试次数
delay_before_retry 3 //在尝试之前延迟多长时间
}
}
real_server 192.168.200.3 1358 {
weight 1
HTTP_GET {
url {
path /testurl/test.jsp
digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334c
}
url {
path /testurl2/test.jsp
digest 640205b7b0fc66c1ea91c463fac6334c
}
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
自定义主配置文件
vrrp_instance段配置
nopreempt //设置为不抢占。默认是抢占的,当高优先级的机器恢复后,会抢占低优先级的机器成为MASTER,而不抢占,
则允许低优先级的机器继续成为MASTER,即使高优先级的机器已经上线。如果要使用这个功能,则初始化状态必须为BACKUP。
preempt_delay //设置抢占延迟。单位是秒,范围是0---1000,默认是0.发现低优先级的MASTER后多少秒开始抢占。
vrrp_script段配置
//作用:添加一个周期性执行的脚本。脚本的退出状态码会被调用它的所有的VRRP Instance记录。
//注意:至少有一个VRRP实例调用它并且优先级不能为0.优先级范围是1-254.
vrrp_script <SCRIPT_NAME> {
...
}
选项说明:
script "/path/to/somewhere" //指定要执行的脚本的路径。
interval <INTEGER> //指定脚本执行的间隔。单位是秒。默认为1s。
timeout <INTEGER> //指定在多少秒后,脚本被认为执行失败。
weight <-254 --- 254> //调整优先级。默认为2.
rise <INTEGER> //执行成功多少次才认为是成功。
fall <INTEGER> //执行失败多少次才认为失败。
user <USERNAME> [GROUPNAME] //运行脚本的用户和组。
init_fail //假设脚本初始状态是失败状态。
weight说明:
1. 如果脚本执行成功(退出状态码为0),weight大于0,则priority增加。
2. 如果脚本执行失败(退出状态码为非0),weight小于0,则priority减少。
3. 其他情况下,priority不变。
real_server段配置
weight <INT> //给服务器指定权重。默认是1
inhibit_on_failure //当服务器健康检查失败时,将其weight设置为0, 而不是从Virtual Server中移除
notify_up <STRING> //当服务器健康检查成功时,执行的脚本
notify_down <STRING> //当服务器健康检查失败时,执行的脚本
uthreshold <INT> //到这台服务器的最大连接数
lthreshold <INT> //到这台服务器的最小连接数
tcp_check段配置
connect_ip <IP ADDRESS> //连接的IP地址。默认是real server的ip地址
connect_port <PORT> //连接的端口。默认是real server的端口
bindto <IP ADDRESS> //发起连接的接口的地址。
bind_port <PORT> //发起连接的源端口。
connect_timeout <INT> //连接超时时间。默认是5s。
fwmark <INTEGER> //使用fwmark对所有出去的检查数据包进行标记。
warmup <INT> //指定一个随机延迟,最大为N秒。可防止网络阻塞。如果为0,则关闭该功能。
retry <INIT> //重试次数。默认是1次。
delay_before_retry <INT> //默认是1秒。在重试之前延迟多少秒。
5. keepalived配置实例
环境:
主机名 | IP |
---|---|
master | 192.168.200.5 |
slave | 192.168.200.6 |
这里虚拟IP(VIP)设置为192.168.200.250。在做下面的步骤前,请先确保防火墙和SELINUX处于关闭状态
1. 在主和备上分别安装keepalived
[root@master ~]# getenforce
Disabled
[root@master ~]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
Docs: man:firewalld(1)
[root@master ~]# yum -y install keepalived
[root@backup ~]# getenforce
Disabled
[root@backup ~]# systemctl status firewalld
● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled; vendor preset: enabled)
Active: inactive (dead)
Docs: man:firewalld(1)
[root@backup ~]# yum -y install keepalived
2. 在主和备上分别安装httpd
[root@master ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@master ~]# echo 'master' > /var/www/html/index.html
[root@master ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@backup ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@backup ~]# echo 'backup' > /var/www/html/index.html
[root@backup ~]# systemctl start httpd
3. 在主和备上分别配置keepalived
配置主keepalived
[root@master ~]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@master keepalived]# ls
keepalived.conf
[root@master keepalived]# cp keepalived.conf{,-bak}
[root@master keepalived]# ls
keepalived.conf keepalived.conf-bak
[root@master keepalived]# >keepalived.conf
[root@master keepalived]# vi keepalived.conf
[root@master keepalived]# cat keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id lb01 //路由ID,主和备不能一样
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface ens160 //网卡名
virtual_router_id 25 //虚拟路由ID,主和备必须一致
priority 100 //优先级,主必须大于备
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS //认证方式为密码认证
auth_pass 123 //密码,主和备必须一致
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.200.250 //虚拟IP,VIP
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.200.250 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr //rr轮询
lb_kind DR //DR模式
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.200.5 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.200.6 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
[root@master keepalived]# systemctl enable --now keepalived
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/keepalived.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/keepalived.service.
配置备keepalived
[root@backup keepalived]# vi keepalived.conf
[root@backup keepalived]# cat keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id lb02
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface ens160
virtual_router_id 25
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 123
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.200.250
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.200.250 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo rr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.200.5 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.200.6 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
4. 查看VIP
[root@master keepalived]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:5b:7b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.200.5/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global noprefixroute ens160
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.200.250/32 scope global ens160
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::2483:b916:3f13:e7cf/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@master keepalived]# systemctl stop keepalived
[root@master keepalived]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:5b:7b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.200.5/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global noprefixroute ens160
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::2483:b916:3f13:e7cf/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@backup keepalived]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:56:ea:54 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.200.6/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens160
valid_lft 1013sec preferred_lft 1013sec
inet 192.168.200.250/32 scope global ens160
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::4718:3422:d995:814e/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5. 在主和备上编写脚本, 让keepalived监控httpd服务的状态
主服务器
[root@master ~]# mkdir /scripts
[root@master ~]# cd /scripts/
[root@master scripts]# vi check_httpd.sh
[root@master scripts]# cat check_httpd.sh
#!/bin/bash
httpd_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhttpd\b'|wc -l)
if [ $httpd_status -lt 1 ];then
systemctl stop keepalived
fi
[root@master scripts]# chmod +x check_httpd.sh
[root@master scripts]# ll
total 4
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 142 Aug 29 09:56 check_httpd.sh
[root@master scripts]# vi notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
VIP=$2
sendmail (){
subject="${VIP}'s server keepalived state is translate"
content="`date +'%F %T'`: `hostname`'s state change to master"
echo $content | mail -s "$subject" 1870503323@qq.com
}
case "$1" in
master)
httpd_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhttpd\b'|wc -l)
if [ $httpd_status -lt 1 ];then
systemctl start httpd
fi
sendmail
;;
backup)
httpd_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhttpd\b'|wc -l)
if [ $httpd_status -gt 0 ];then
systemctl stop httpd
fi
;;
*)
echo "Usage:$0 master|backup VIP"
;;
esac
[root@master scripts]# chmod +x notify.sh
[root@master scripts]# ll
total 8
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 142 Aug 29 09:56 check_httpd.sh
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 662 Aug 29 09:59 notify.sh
备服务器
[root@backup scripts]# mkdir /scripts
[root@backup scripts]# cd /scripts/
[root@backup scripts]# cat notify.sh
#!/bin/bash
VIP=$2
sendmail (){
subject="${VIP}'s server keepalived state is translate"
content="`date +'%F %T'`: `hostname`'s state change to master"
echo $content | mail -s "$subject" 1870503323@qq.com
}
case "$1" in
master)
httpd_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhttpd\b'|wc -l)
if [ $httpd_status -lt 1 ];then
systemctl start httpd
fi
sendmail
;;
backup)
httpd_status=$(ps -ef|grep -Ev "grep|$0"|grep '\bhttpd\b'|wc -l)
if [ $httpd_status -gt 0 ];then
systemctl stop httpd
fi
;;
*)
echo "Usage:$0 master|backup VIP"
;;
esac
[root@backup scripts]# chmod +x notify.sh
[root@backup scripts]# ll
total 4
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 662 Aug 29 10:00 notify.sh
6. 在主备的主配置文件中加入监控脚本的配置
主服务器
[root@master ~]# vi /etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id lb01
}
//添加下面五行内容
vrrp_script httpd_check {
script "/scripts/check_httpd.sh"
interval 2
weight -20
rise 3
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface ens160
virtual_router_id 25
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 123
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.200.250
}
//添加以下五行内容
track_script {
httpd_check
}
notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.200.250"
}
备服务器
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface ens160
virtual_router_id 25
priority 90
nopreempt
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 123
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.200.250
}
//添加以下五行内容
tck_script {
httpd_check
}
notify_master "/scripts/notify.sh master 192.168.200.250"
notify_backup "/scripts/notify.sh backup 192.168.200.250"
}
7. 访问VIP
[root@master ~]# systemctl restart keepalived
[root@master ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@backup ~]# systemctl restart keepalived
[root@backup ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
8. 在主服务器上关闭httpd服务,模拟宕机
[root@master keepalived]# systemctl stop httpd
[root@master keepalived]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:5b:7b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.200.5/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global noprefixroute ens160
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::2483:b916:3f13:e7cf/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@master keepalived]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@backup keepalived]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port Process
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 2 128 *:80 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@backup keepalived]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:56:ea:54 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.200.6/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens160
valid_lft 1470sec preferred_lft 1470sec
inet 192.168.200.250/32 scope global ens160
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::4718:3422:d995:814e/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
httpd+lvs+keeepalived
环境:
主机名 | 安装服务 | IP |
---|---|---|
master | keepalived+lvs | 192.168.200.5 |
slave | keepalived+lvs | 192.168.200.6 |
RS1 | http | 192.168.200.7 |
RS2 | https | 192.168.200.8 |
//四台虚拟机都要关闭防火墙 selinux 操作相同
[root@RS1 ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
Removed /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/firewalld.service.
Removed /etc/systemd/system/dbus-org.fedoraproject.FirewallD1.service.
[root@RS1 ~]# getenforce
Permissive
//RS上安装httpd服务 配置httpd页面
[root@RS1 ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@RS1 ~]# echo 'test1' > /var/www/html/index.html
[root@RS1 ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@RS2 ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@RS2 ~]# echo 'test2' > /var/www/html/index.html
[root@RS2 ~]# systemctl enable --now httpd
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
//lvs配置vip
[root@master keepalived]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens160
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
NAME=ens160
DEVICE=ens160
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR0=192.168.200.5
GATEWAY=192.168.200.2
NETMASK0=255.255.255.0
DNS1=114.114.114.114
IPADDR1=192.168.200.250
NETMASK1=255.255.255.0
[root@slave keepalived]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens160
TYPE=Ethernet
BOOTPROTO=static
NAME=ens160
DEVICE=ens160
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR0=192.168.200.6
GATEWAY=192.168.200.2
NETMASK0=255.255.255.0
DNS1=114.114.114.114
IPADDR1=192.168.200.250
NETMASK1=255.255.255.0
//在RS1和RS2上关闭arp包的通告和响应 RS2操作相同
[root@RS1 ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
# sysctl settings are defined through files in
# /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/.
#
# Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/.
# To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in
# /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override
# only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later
# name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there.
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
[root@RS1 ~]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_ignore = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.arp_announce = 2
//在RS1和RS2上配置VIP
[root@RS1 ~]# ifconfig lo:0 192.168.200.250/32 broadcast 192.168.200.250 up
[root@RS1 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.200.250/0 brd 192.168.200.250 scope global lo:0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:e4:ee:5c brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.200.7/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens160
valid_lft 1744sec preferred_lft 1744sec
inet6 fe80::4b74:2d0a:df4d:a30c/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@RS1 ~]# route add -host 192.168.200.250 dev lo
[root@RS1 ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.200.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens160
192.168.200.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens160
192.168.200.250 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 lo
[root@RS2 ~]# ifconfig lo:0 192.168.200.250/32 broadcast 192.168.200.250 up
[root@RS2 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.200.250/0 brd 192.168.200.250 scope global lo:0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:35:c7:eb brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.200.8/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global noprefixroute ens33
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::3124:91a2:9e08:83b7/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@RS2 ~]# route add -host 192.168.200.250 dev lo
[root@RS2 ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
0.0.0.0 192.168.200.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.200.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
192.168.200.250 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 lo
//安装服务
[root@master ~]# yum -y install keepalived ipvsadm
[root@slave ~]# yum -y install keepalived ipvsadm
//配置keepalived 写配置文件
[root@master ~]# cd /etc/keepalived/
[root@master keepalived]# cp keepalived.conf{,.bak}
[root@master keepalived]# >keepalived.conf
[root@master keepalived]# vi keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id lb01
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state MASTER
interface ens160
virtual_router_id 25
priority 100
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 123
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.200.250
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.200.250 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo wrr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.200.7 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.200.8 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
}
[root@slave keepalived]# mv keepalived.conf{,.bak}
[root@slave keepalived]# vi keepalived.conf
! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
router_id lb02
}
vrrp_instance VI_1 {
state BACKUP
interface ens160
virtual_router_id 25
priority 90
advert_int 1
authentication {
auth_type PASS
auth_pass 123
}
virtual_ipaddress {
192.168.200.250
}
}
virtual_server 192.168.200.250 80 {
delay_loop 6
lb_algo wrr
lb_kind DR
persistence_timeout 50
protocol TCP
real_server 192.168.200.7 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
real_server 192.168.200.8 80 {
weight 1
TCP_CHECK {
connect_port 80
connect_timeout 3
nb_get_retry 3
delay_before_retry 3
}
}
//开启keepalived服务
[root@master keepalived]# systemctl enable --now keepalived
[root@slave keepalived]# systemctl enable --now keepalived
//查看vip
[root@master keepalived]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:5b:7b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.200.5/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global noprefixroute ens160
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.200.250/32 scope global ens160
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.200.250/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global secondary noprefixroute ens160
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:5b7b/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@slave keepalived]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:56:ea:54 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.200.6/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global noprefixroute ens160
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.200.250/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global secondary noprefixroute ens160
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe56:ea54/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
//测试 宕机一台
[root@master keepalived]# systemctl stop keepalived
[root@master keepalived]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:a3:5b:7b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.200.5/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global noprefixroute ens160
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.200.250/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global secondary noprefixroute ens160
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea3:5b7b/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@slave keepalived]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens160: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 00:0c:29:56:ea:54 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.200.6/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global noprefixroute ens160
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.200.250/32 scope global ens160
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet 192.168.200.250/24 brd 192.168.200.255 scope global secondary noprefixroute ens160
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe56:ea54/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever