Android异步消息的处理机制(looper handler message)

我们先大概了解一下异步处理的流程：

1、首先Looper.prepare()在本线程中保存一个Looper实例，然后该实例中保存一个MessageQueue对象；因为Looper.prepare()在一个线程中只能调用一次，所以MessageQueue在一个线程中只会存在一个。

2、Looper.loop()会让当前线程进入一个无限循环，不端从MessageQueue的实例中读取消息，然后回调msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg)方法。

3、Handler的构造方法，会首先得到当前线程中保存的Looper实例，进而与Looper实例中的MessageQueue想关联。

4、Handler的sendMessage方法，会给msg的target赋值为handler自身，然后加入MessageQueue中。

5、在构造Handler实例时，我们会重写handleMessage方法，也就是msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg)最终调用的方法。

下面借用一张图片来直观的了解一下：

  looper里面的for循环，不断的在消息队列中进行查找，若handle发送了消息即可调用handleMessage来进行处理

private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) {  
        mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);  
        mRun = true;  
        mThread = Thread.currentThread();  
} 

可以看出在looper的构造方法中创建了一个消息队列，然后在loop方法中：

public static void loop() {
        final Looper me = myLooper();
        if (me == null) {
            throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
        }
        final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;

        // Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
        // and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
        Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
        final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();

        for (;;) {
            Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
            if (msg == null) {
                // No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
                return;
            }

            // This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
            Printer logging = me.mLogging;
            if (logging != null) {
                logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
                        msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
            }

            msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);

            if (logging != null) {
                logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
            }

            // Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
            // identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
            final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
            if (ident != newIdent) {
                Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
                        + Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
                        + Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
                        + msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
                        + msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
            }

            msg.recycle();
        }
    }

拿到消息队列 queue 之后就进入了无限循环，用next取出一条消息。没有则阻塞，有则调用msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg) (msa.target其实就是handler对象),
之后进入到handler对象里面：

public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
        if (msg.callback != null) {
            handleCallback(msg);
        } else {
            if (mCallback != null) {
                if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
                    return;
                }
            }
            handleMessage(msg);
        }
    }

可以看到dispatchmessage这里直接调用了handlemessage方法

/**
     * Subclasses must implement this to receive messages.
     */
    public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
    }

这里是空？回顾下我们我们一般new handle的时候复写的这个方法：

public class HandlerTestActivity extends Activity {
    private TextView tv;
    private static final int UPDATE = 0;
    private Handler handler = new Handler() {
 
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            // TODO 接收消息并且去更新UI线程上的控件内容
            if (msg.what == UPDATE) {
                // Bundle b = msg.getData();
                // tv.setText(b.getString("num"));
                tv.setText(String.valueOf(msg.obj));
            }
            super.handleMessage(msg);
        }
    };
 
    /** Called when the activity is first created. */
    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);
        tv = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tv);
 
        new Thread() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                // TODO 子线程中通过handler发送消息给handler接收，由handler去更新TextView的值
                try {
                    for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
                        Thread.sleep(500);
                        Message msg = new Message();
                        msg.what = UPDATE;
                        // Bundle b = new Bundle();
                        // b.putString("num", "更新后的值：" + i);
                        // msg.setData(b);
                        msg.obj = "更新后的值：" + i;
                        handler.sendMessage(msg);
                    }
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }.start();
    }
 
}

就是我们需要实现的代码，因此这里一个完整的异步消息处理就完成了