29.FFmpeg学习笔记 - 转码1

本文输入一个音频文件(只有一个音频流)，如mp3文件，然后转码成AAC编码格式，并写入任意一个支持AAC格式的封装格式中，如mp4。

程序入口函数：transcode_audio().

AVAudioFifo结构体用于存储解码的音频数据。

#include <stdio.h>

#include "libavformat/avformat.h"
#include "libavformat/avio.h"

#include "libavcodec/avcodec.h"

#include "libavutil/audio_fifo.h"
#include "libavutil/avassert.h"
#include "libavutil/avstring.h"
#include "libavutil/frame.h"
#include "libavutil/opt.h"

#include "libswresample/swresample.h"




/* The output bit rate in bit/s */
#define OUTPUT_BIT_RATE 96000
/* The number of output channels */
#define OUTPUT_CHANNELS 2

/**
 * Open an input file and the required decoder.
 * @param      filename             File to be opened
 * @param[out] input_format_context Format context of opened file
 * @param[out] input_codec_context  Codec context of opened file
 * @return Error code (0 if successful)
 */
static int open_input_file(const char *filename,
                           AVFormatContext **input_format_context,
                           AVCodecContext **input_codec_context)
{
    AVCodecContext *avctx;
    AVCodec *input_codec;
    int error;
    
    /* Open the input file to read from it. */
    if ((error = avformat_open_input(input_format_context, filename, NULL,
                                     NULL)) < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not open input file '%s' (error '%s')\n",
                filename, av_err2str(error));
        *input_format_context = NULL;
        return error;
    }
    
    /* Get information on the input file (number of streams etc.). */
    if ((error = avformat_find_stream_info(*input_format_context, NULL)) < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not open find stream info (error '%s')\n",
                av_err2str(error));
        avformat_close_input(input_format_context);
        return error;
    }
    
    /* Make sure that there is only one stream in the input file. */
    if ((*input_format_context)->nb_streams != 1) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Expected one audio input stream, but found %d\n",
                (*input_format_context)->nb_streams);
        avformat_close_input(input_format_context);
        return AVERROR_EXIT;
    }
    
    /* Find a decoder for the audio stream. */
    if (!(input_codec = avcodec_find_decoder((*input_format_context)->streams[0]->codecpar->codec_id))) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not find input codec\n");
        avformat_close_input(input_format_context);
        return AVERROR_EXIT;
    }
    
    /* Allocate a new decoding context. */
    avctx = avcodec_alloc_context3(input_codec);
    if (!avctx) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate a decoding context\n");
        avformat_close_input(input_format_context);
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
    }
    
    /* Initialize the stream parameters with demuxer information. */
    error = avcodec_parameters_to_context(avctx, (*input_format_context)->streams[0]->codecpar);
    if (error < 0) {
        avformat_close_input(input_format_context);
        avcodec_free_context(&avctx);
        return error;
    }
    
    /* Open the decoder for the audio stream to use it later. */
    if ((error = avcodec_open2(avctx, input_codec, NULL)) < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not open input codec (error '%s')\n",
                av_err2str(error));
        avcodec_free_context(&avctx);
        avformat_close_input(input_format_context);
        return error;
    }
    
    /* Save the decoder context for easier access later. */
    *input_codec_context = avctx;
    
    return 0;
}

/**
 * Open an output file and the required encoder.
 * Also set some basic encoder parameters.
 * Some of these parameters are based on the input file's parameters.
 * @param      filename              File to be opened
 * @param      input_codec_context   Codec context of input file
 * @param[out] output_format_context Format context of output file
 * @param[out] output_codec_context  Codec context of output file
 * @return Error code (0 if successful)
 */
static int open_output_file(const char *filename,
                            AVCodecContext *input_codec_context,
                            AVFormatContext **output_format_context,
                            AVCodecContext **output_codec_context)
{
    AVCodecContext *avctx          = NULL;
    AVIOContext *output_io_context = NULL;
    AVStream *stream               = NULL;
    AVCodec *output_codec          = NULL;
    int error;
    
    /* Open the output file to write to it. */
    if ((error = avio_open(&output_io_context, filename,
                           AVIO_FLAG_WRITE)) < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not open output file '%s' (error '%s')\n",
                filename, av_err2str(error));
        return error;
    }
    
    /* Create a new format context for the output container format. */
    if (!(*output_format_context = avformat_alloc_context())) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate output format context\n");
        return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
    }
    
    /* Associate the output file (pointer) with the container format context. */
    (*output_format_context)->pb = output_io_context;
    
    /* Guess the desired container format based on the file extension. */
    if (!((*output_format_context)->oformat = av_guess_format(NULL, filename,
                                                              NULL))) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not find output file format\n");
        goto cleanup;
    }
    
    if (!((*output_format_context)->url = av_strdup(filename))) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate url.\n");
        error = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
        goto cleanup;
    }
    
    /* Find the encoder to be used by its name. */
    if (!(output_codec = avcodec_find_encoder(AV_CODEC_ID_AAC))) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not find an AAC encoder.\n");
        goto cleanup;
    }
    
    /* Create a new audio stream in the output file container. */
    if (!(stream = avformat_new_stream(*output_format_context, NULL))) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not create new stream\n");
        error = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
        goto cleanup;
    }
    
    avctx = avcodec_alloc_context3(output_codec);
    if (!avctx) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Could not allocate an encoding context\n");
        error = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
        goto cleanup;
    }
    
    /* Set the basic encoder parameters.
     * The input file's sample rate is used to avoid a sample rate conversion. */
    avctx->channels       = OUTPUT_CHANNELS;
    avctx->channel_layout = av_get_default_c