黑马程序员————Foundation框架_知识总结(上)

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Foundation框架包含了很多开发中常用的数据类型: 结构体、枚举、类

一、常用结构体

 Nsrange
 NSPoint\CGPoint
 NSSize\CGSize
 NSRect\CGRect

1.NSRange的定义

1) NSRange包含了location和length两个属性

   typedef struct _NSRange{
        NSUInteger location;
        NSUInteger length;
    } NSRange;

2)创建方式

    NSRange r1 = {2,4}; // 不用
    NSRange r2 = {.location = 2, .length =4 }; // 不用
    NSRange r3 =  NSMakeRange(2,4); // 掌握

3)查找某个字符串在str中的范围

    // 查找love在字符串的范围
    NSString *str = @"i love oc";
    NSRange range = [str rangeOfString:@"love"];
    NSLog(@"location=%ld,length=%ld",range.location,range.length);

 

如果找不到该字符串的范围，则length=0，location=NSNotFound=unsigned long =-1

2.NSPoint\CGPoint、NSSize\CGSize、NSRect\CGRect的创建

1）定义

struct CGPoint{
        CGFloat x;
        CGFloat y;
    };
    typedef struct CGPoint CGPoint;
    
    struct CGSize{
        CGFloat width;
        CGFloat height;
    };
    typedef struct CGSize CGSize;
    
    struct CGRect{
        CGPoint origin;
        CGSize size;
    };
    typedef struct CGRect CGRect;

2)创建方式

    CGPoint p1 = NSMakePoint(10, 20);
    NSPoint p2 = CGPointMake(10, 10); // 最常用
    
    NSSize s1 = CGSizeMake(100, 80);
    NSSize s2 = NSMakeSize(100, 80);
    CGSize s3 = NSMakeSize(100, 100);
    
    CGRect r1 = CGRectMake(0, 0, 100, 80);
    CGRect r2 = {{0,0},{100,80}};
    CGRect r3 = {p1,s2};
    CGRect r4 = {CGPointZero,CGSizeMake(100, 80)};

3）将结构体转为字符串

    NSString *str = NSStringFromPoint(p2);
    NSString *str2 = NSStringFromSize(s1);
    NSString *str3 = NSStringFromRect(r4);
    NSLog(@"%@",str3);

4)比较判断两个点是否相同

    BOOL b = CGPointEqualToPoint(CGPointMake(10, 20), CGPointMake(10, 10));
    //CGRectEqualToRect(<#CGRect rect1#>, <#CGRect rect2#>)
    CGSizeEqualToSize(CGSizeMake(100, 80), CGSizeMake(100, 100));
    
    BOOL b2 = CGRectContainsPoint(CGRectMake(50, 40, 100, 50), CGPointMake(130, 70));
    NSLog(@"%d",b2);

二、字符串

    // NSString :不可变字符串
    // NSMutableString :可变字符串

1.NSString字符串

1）创建字符串的几种方式</h4><pre name="code" class="objc"><pre name="code" class="objc">    NSString *s1 = @"jack";
    NSString *s2 = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@"Rose"];
    NSString *s3 = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@"age is %d",10];
    // c字符串-->oc字符串
    NSString *s4 = [[NSString alloc] initWithUTF8String:"jack"];
    // oc字符串-->c字符串
    const char* cs = [s4 UTF8String];

2）读取文件中得字符串

    // NSUTF8StringEncoding 用到中文就可以用这种编码
    NSString *s5 = [[NSString alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:@"/users/apple/desktop/1.txt" encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
    
    NSString *url = [[NSURL alloc] initWithString:@"file///users/apple/desktop/1.txt"];
    NSString *s6 = [[NSString alloc] initWithContentsOfURL:url encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
    NSLog(@"\n%@",s6);
    
    // 一般度会有一个类方法跟对象方法配对
    [NSURL URLWithString:@"jack"];
    [NSURL fileURLWithPath:@“/users/apple/desktop/1.txt”];
    
    [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Rose"];
    [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:@"/users/apple/desktop/1.txt" encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];

3）写入字符串

    NSString *str = @"1234";
    NSURL *url = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:@"/users/apple/desktop/my.txt"];
    [str writeToFile:url atomically:YES encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];

2.NSMutableString字符串

1）拼接

    NSMutableString *s1 = [NSMutableString stringWithFormat:@"age is 10 "];
    // 拼接内容到s1后面
    [s1 appendString:@"11 12"];
    
    NSLog(@"%@",s1);

2）删除某个位置的字符串

    //获取is的范围
    NSRange range = [s1 rangeOfString:@"is"];
    [s1 deleteCharactersInRange:range];
    NSLog(@"%@",s1);

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