c++--多态详解

#include <iostream>

#include<stdio.h>
using namespace std;

class B
{
public:
    void vf()
    {
        cout << "This is class B" << endl;
    }
};

class D: public B
{
public:
    void vf()
    {
        cout << "This is class D" << endl;
    }
};

int main()
{
    B b, *pb;
    D d, *pd;
    pb = &b;
    pb->vf();
    printf("%X\n",pb);
    pb = &d;
    pb->vf();        // no cast needed
    printf("%X\n",pb);
    pd = (D*)&b;
    pd->vf();    // must cast explicitly
    printf("%X\n",pd);
    pd = &d;
    pd->vf();
    printf("%X\n",pd);
    return 0;
}
/***** result *******/
/*
This is class B
22FF17
This is class B
22FF16
This is class D
22FF17
This is class D
22FF16
*/

                                  只是和指针（类型）有关 pd->vf()   和指针pd有关。

/***** 对虚函数的调用由指针/引用的赋值决定(运行时多态) ****/
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class B
{
public:
    void virtual vf()
    {
        cout << "This is class B" << endl;
    }
};

class D: public B
{
public:
    void vf()
    {
        cout << "This is class D" << endl;
    }
};

int main()
{
    B b, *pb;
    D d, *pd;
    pb = &b;
    pb->vf();
    pb = &d;
    pb->vf();
    pd = (D*)&b;
    pd->vf();
    pd = &d;
    pd->vf();
    return 0;
}
/******* result ******/
/*
This is class B
This is class D
This is class B
This is class D

*/

                      

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class B
{
  // virtual function in base class must be defined or be pure
  // unless the base class and all its derived classes are not instantiated
  public: void virtual vf();
};

class D: public B
{
  public: void vf() { cout << "This is class D" << endl; }
};

main()
{
  D d, *pd;
}
/*** result ***/
/*
ERROR
undefined reference to `vtable for B'
*/