由于GitHub总进不去,配置Windows文件嫌麻烦,买VPN又费钱,于是选择在CSDN记录一些语法的知识点作为笔记,顺便学习下MarkDown是如何使用的
一、English grammar
1.mark, score和grade的区别
mark, score, grade都可指成绩、得分,但搭配及使用的场合有些差异。
score n.分数 vt. 得分
[例句] What is the score? The score is 2 to 1.比分是多少了?二比一。
The TOEFL Test score is usually reported six to eight weeks after the test.托福考试成绩一般在考试后六至八周内寄到。
比如,“得了满分”,应该说to get a full mark/score,除了考试、测验的成绩,还可以是体育比赛中的比分。score还可作动词用 如:Arsenal scored in the last minute of the game.阿森纳队在比赛进行到最后一分钟的时候得了一分。"得高分"一般说score highly或score well,score high是美国口语中较为典型的形容词转化成副词的用法,意即score highly
grade 是美国英语,指在学校中取得的成绩。
She got good grades last semester.她上学成绩很好。
grade当动词用的时候,不是"得分",而是"批改作业,试卷或论文"的意思
The professor said she would grade the test papers herself.教授说她将亲自批改试卷。
mark 分数常用来表示不同等级的学科成绩的一个数字、字母或符号
full mark 满分
high mark 高分
got a mark of 95 instead of 100.
2.number, digit和figure的区别
number 是数字123
digit 是位数, 0,1,0,1; 456 is a three-digit number.456是个3位数字
figure ”除了数字,还有外形、形状、外观、姿态、样子的意思,所以 它更多强调数字的形状,因此更适合用来形容个位数:0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9
3.Hardworking、hard working和working hard
- Hardworking也写作hard-working。只有一个意思,就是指人勤奋、勤勉的意思(industrious; diligent),形容词。
例如:These hardworking people have worked hard all day.- Hard working 是两个单词碰巧在一起了。在这种情景下,两个单词一般都是形容词,如 a hard working man。通常来说,与主词越近,关系越紧密,例如a hard working man, 先是working man, 然后才是 hard (working man)。
体会下面两个句子:
- 例句1:A hard working man is a working man who is tough. (A hard working man是一个坚毅的打工仔)。
- 例句2:A hard-working man is a man who works hard. (A hard-working man是工作努力勤奋的人)。
- 搜索网络,你会发现,有些作者直接使用“hard working”表示勤奋,这是不规范的,比如:Managers expect their employees to be smart, hard working and loyal; He has become hard working these days.
- Working hard 经常出现,不过这里的working是动词work的现在分词。例如:You’re working hard. (你正在努力工作); He is working hard for the finals. (他正在努力准备期末考试。) Working hard只是说在这个特定时刻努力,并没有说一直如此,而hardworking是表述人的长期性格特质。 另外:
- Work hard是动词短语,表示努力工作。其中:hard 是副词,work是动词。
- Hard work是名词短语,表示很困难、很辛苦的工作。其中hard是形容词, work是名词。
4. that of 用法
(1) that of 代替了前面的某个内容
The size of China is bigger than that of USA. (that of = the size of)
(2) that of 指代“那一类”
His manner was that of someone accustomed to mixing with nobles.
(他的言行举止属于那种习惯于跟贵族打交道的人。)
5. as for 和 as to的区别
区别一:
1、as for 在语体上不如 as to 正式,并且着重话题的转换,也bai就是说,它所引导的是前面尚未提到过的新的事情,因此,它不能用于文章的开头。例如:
As to that, I haven’t decided yet. 关于那件事,我尚未做出决定。
此时用于句首,不能用as for
2、as to 常常与 wh-疑问词引导的动词不定式和名词从句连用(有时可省略),而 as for 却没有此种用法。例如:
(1)Nobody could decide (as to) what to do.
谁也不能决定该做什么。
(2)He’s very uncertain as to whether it’s the right job for him.
关于他究竟是否适合做这项工作,他实在拿不准。
区别二:
1、as for可以用来表示讲话人对某人或某物持有“轻蔑”或“冷淡”的态度,甚至有憎恶之感。例如:
As for you,I never want to see you here in my home again.
至于你,我再也不想在我的屋子里看到你。
2、as to引出的内容都是前文曾经提到过的或者谈话对方都有所了解的,表示“说到”之义。例如:
As to doing that,I haven’t decided yet.
说到那件事,我还没有决定。
6. human beings与human being有以下区别:
(一)human强调“人群”,human being强调“个人”,
基本上 human = human beings ,但不可以说 human = human being
(二)在一些惯用的表达,两者不能互换。
(三)human可以做形容词,human being不可以。
7. a lot of和lots of的区别
一、使用场合不同
1、a lot of:通常作书面用语,用在更加正式的场合里。
2、lots of:比较口语化,用在比较口语的场合中。一般是以be动词 +lots of+情态动词这样的形式出现。
二、修饰词语不同
1、 a lot of:除了可以修饰可数名词也可以修饰不可数名词。
例如:There was a lot of background noise. 背景噪音很多。
2、lots of:修饰 可数名词 1 。
例句:Her daily life involved meeting lots of people. 她在日常生活中要接触很多人
三、扩展资料:a lot of 的同义词组:a great deal、of plenty of
一、a great deal of 大量…,很多…
〔辨析〕后接不可数名词,谓语动词用单数。
例句:A great deal of money was spent.花了大笔的钱。
二、a lot of 许多…
〔辨析〕后接可数或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数或复数视后接的名词而定。
例句:A lot of students are leaving soon. 很多学生即将离去。
三、plenty of 许多…,大量…
〔辨析〕后接可数或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数或复数视后接的名词而定。须注意的是,plenty of 前面不加 a,plenty 本身也不用复数形式。
例句:There are plenty of girls dancing in the hall. 许多姑娘在大厅里跳舞。
8. such as 、for example和for instance区别
for example :强调“举例”说明,而且一般只举同类人或同类物的一个作为插入语,且用逗号隔开,可置于句首、居中或句末
- Many people here,for example, John,would ranther have coffee.
- There are many kinds of pollution, for example, noise is a kind of pollution.
- You make too many mistakes–lots of spelling mistacks, for example.
such as 用来“罗列”同类人或物中的几个例子,其后便不能用逗号,直接加名词性短语
- The farm grows various kind of crops, such as wheat, corn and rice.
- English is spoken in many countries, such as Australia, Canada and so on.
for instance主要用于列举表示事例情况的例子。有时,相当于like/such as,后接具体的事物。如:
- There are jobs more dangerous than truck driving,for instance,training tigers,fire fighting;
还有比开卡车更危险的工作,例如训虎、灭火。- You Can choose any one of them.for instance,this one on the left.
你可以选择其中任何一个,例如靠左边的这个。- There are rare animals in Australia,for instance/such as Koalas and duck-billed platypus.
澳大利亚也有珍稀动物,例如考拉和鸭嘴兽。
二、Vocabulary
1. words
- freshmen year 大一
- sophomore 大二
- junior year 大三
- senior year 大四
2. phrases
- urge sb to get married 催婚
- housing price 房价
- in pursuit of 追求
- aim to 旨在…/目标是
- alleviate talent shortages 缓解人才短缺
- high-end chip 高端芯片
- software design 软件设计
- advanced manufacturing 先进制造
- subjective criteria主观标准
- comprehensive quality 综合素质
- teaching resource 教学资源
- preferential treatment 优惠待遇
- postgraduate study 研究生学习
- government sponsored 政府资助的
- break the shackles of fate 打破命运的枷锁
- Political change 政治变革
Our age is witnessing a profound political change.
2.1 describe beauty
asunny smile温和的微笑
she is ablond young lady,small,daintyand dress in the most perfect taste clever,handsome,kind
3.sentences
If that’s what you thought, NO, you psychopath.
My mom, as moms tend to do, had divined my state of mind rather shrewdly and moved over to the bed in a thoughtful kind of way.
He is elegant but soft.
三、spoken language
self-introduction:
Hello everyone ,I am glad whith you. My name is Zhang, a junior student. My major is BD,. It is about mathmatics, statistics and computer science. I hope we can enjoy each other in this course. and learn more knowledeg about English caulture.
lots of 好像也能修饰可数名词 ↩︎