C#连接mysql数据库学习

<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">由于数据库设计完毕之后，既要支持asp.net，又要支持php，所有最终选择了mysql数据库，这样通用性更广泛一些。</span>

C#连接mysql数据库需要用到一个mysql数据库的连接驱动，两种方式可以安装。

1. mysql官网下载

下载地址为：http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/net/

可以现在有mono版本或者是windows版本，直接下载安装即可，安装完毕，可以直接在项目--引用--添加引用--mysql.data.dll

2. 还有个更简单的办法，直接通过nugut直接安装

3. 安装完了，直接引用，并调用即可。

4. web.config配置数据库连接字符串

  <connectionStrings>
    <add name="connstring" connectionString="User Id=root;host=localhost;Database=cnseb_spider;password=;port=3306;persist security info=True;character set=utf8;" providerName="MySql.Data.MySqlClient"/>
  </connectionStrings>

5. mysql操作类，可以直接使用，已经测试过了

#region 数据库连接字符串(web.config来配置)，可以动态更改connectionString支持多数据库. 
        public static string connectionString = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["connstring"].ConnectionString;                 
        #endregion

        #region executeNonQuery 

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行SQL语句，返回影响的记录数 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="sqlstr">SQL语句</param> 
        /// <returns>影响的记录数</returns> 
        public static int executeNonQuery(string sqlstr)
        {
            using (MySqlConnection connection = new MySqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                using (MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand(sqlstr, connection))
                {
                    try
                    {
                        connection.Open();
                        int rows = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
                        return rows;
                    }
                    catch (MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException e)
                    {
                        connection.Close();
                        throw e;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        
        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行SQL语句，返回影响的记录数 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="sqlstr">SQL语句</param> 
        /// <param name="cmdParms">参数</param>
        /// <returns>影响的记录数</returns> 
        public static int executeNonQuery(string sqlstr, params MySqlParameter[] cmdParms)
        {
            using (MySqlConnection connection = new MySqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                using (MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand())
                {
                    try
                    {
                        prepareCommand(cmd, connection, null, sqlstr, cmdParms);
                        int rows = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
                        cmd.Parameters.Clear();
                        return rows;
                    }
                    catch (MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException e)
                    {
                        throw e;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
 
        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行多条SQL语句，实现数据库事务。 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="sqlstrlist">多条SQL语句</param> 
        public static bool executeNoQueryTran(List<String> sqlstrlist)
        {
            using (MySqlConnection conn = new MySqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                conn.Open();
                MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand();
                cmd.Connection = conn;
                MySqlTransaction tx = conn.BeginTransaction();
                cmd.Transaction = tx;
                try
                {
                    for (int n = 0; n < sqlstrlist.Count; n++)
                    {
                        string strsql = sqlstrlist[n];
                        if (strsql.Trim().Length > 1)
                        {
                            cmd.CommandText = strsql;
                            prepareCommand(cmd, conn, tx, strsql, null);
                            cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
                        }
                    }
                    cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
                    tx.Commit();
                    return true;
                }
                catch
                {
                    tx.Rollback();
                    return false;
                }
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region executeScalar 

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行一条计算查询结果语句，返回查询结果第一行第一列(object)
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="sqlstr">计算查询结果语句</param> 
        /// <returns>查询结果（object）</returns> 
        public static object executeScalar(string sqlstr)
        {
            using (MySqlConnection connection = new MySqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                using (MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand(sqlstr, connection))
                {
                    try
                    {
                        connection.Open();
                        object obj = cmd.ExecuteScalar();
                        if ((Object.Equals(obj, null)) || (Object.Equals(obj, System.DBNull.Value)))
                        {
                            return null;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            return obj;
                        }
                    }
                    catch (MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException e)
                    {
                        connection.Close();
                        throw e;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行一条计算查询结果语句，返回查询结果第一行第一列(object) 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="sqlstr">计算查询结果语句</param> 
        /// <param name="cmdParms">参数</param>
        /// <returns>查询结果（object）</returns> 
        public static object executeScalar(string sqlstr, params MySqlParameter[] cmdParms)
        {
            using (MySqlConnection connection = new MySqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                using (MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand())
                {
                    try
                    {
                        prepareCommand(cmd, connection, null, sqlstr, cmdParms);
                        object obj = cmd.ExecuteScalar();
                        cmd.Parameters.Clear();
                        if ((Object.Equals(obj, null)) || (Object.Equals(obj, System.DBNull.Value)))
                        {
                            return null;
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            return obj;
                        }
                    }
                    catch (MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException e)
                    {
                        throw e;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        #endregion
        
        #region ExecuteReader

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行查询语句，返回MySqlDataReader ( 注意：调用该方法后，一定要对MySqlDataReader进行Close ) 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="sqlstr">查询语句</param> 
        /// <returns>MySqlDataReader</returns> 
        public static MySqlDataReader executeReader(string sqlstr)
        {
            MySqlConnection connection = new MySqlConnection(connectionString);
            MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand(sqlstr, connection);
            try
            {
                connection.Open();
                MySqlDataReader myReader = cmd.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection);
                return myReader;
            }
            catch (MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException e)
            {
                throw e;
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行查询语句，返回MySqlDataReader ( 注意：调用该方法后，一定要对MySqlDataReader进行Close ) 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="sqlstr">查询语句</param> 
        /// <param name="cmdParms">参数</param>
        /// <returns>MySqlDataReader</returns> 
        public static MySqlDataReader executeReader(string sqlstr, params MySqlParameter[] cmdParms)
        {
            MySqlConnection connection = new MySqlConnection(connectionString);
            MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand();
            try
            {
                prepareCommand(cmd, connection, null, sqlstr, cmdParms);
                MySqlDataReader myReader = cmd.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection);
                cmd.Parameters.Clear();
                return myReader;
            }
            catch (MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException e)
            {
                throw e;
            }
        }
        #endregion
        
        #region ExecuteDataTable 

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行查询语句，返回DataTable 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="sqlstr">查询语句</param> 
        /// <returns>DataTable</returns> 
        public static DataTable executeDataTable(string sqlstr)
        {
            using (MySqlConnection connection = new MySqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                DataSet ds = new DataSet();
                try
                {
                    connection.Open();
                    MySqlDataAdapter command = new MySqlDataAdapter(sqlstr, connection);
                    command.Fill(ds, "ds");
                }
                catch (MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException ex)
                {
                    throw new Exception(ex.Message);
                }
                return ds.Tables[0];
            }
        }

        /// <summary> 
        /// 执行查询语句，返回DataTable
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="sqlstr">查询语句</param> 
        /// <param name="cmdParms">参数</param>
        /// <returns>DataTable</returns> 
        public static DataTable executeDataTable(string sqlstr, params MySqlParameter[] cmdParms)
        {
            using (MySqlConnection connection = new MySqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand();
                prepareCommand(cmd, connection, null, sqlstr, cmdParms);
                using (MySqlDataAdapter da = new MySqlDataAdapter(cmd))
                {
                    DataSet ds = new DataSet();
                    try
                    {
                        da.Fill(ds, "ds");
                        cmd.Parameters.Clear();
                    }
                    catch (MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException ex)
                    {
                        throw new Exception(ex.Message);
                    }
                    return ds.Tables[0];
                }
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 执行查询语句，返回DataTable,获取起始页码和结束页码之间的数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sqlstr">sql语句</param>
        /// <param name="startResord">起始数据</param>
        /// <param name="maxRecord">终止数据</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static DataTable executeDataTable(string sqlstr, int startResord, int maxRecord)
        {
            using (MySqlConnection connection = new MySqlConnection(connectionString))
            {
                DataSet ds = new DataSet();
                try
                {
                    connection.Open();
                    MySqlDataAdapter command = new MySqlDataAdapter(sqlstr, connection);
                    command.Fill(ds, startResord, maxRecord, "ds");
                }
                catch (MySql.Data.MySqlClient.MySqlException ex)
                {
                    throw new Exception(ex.Message);
                }
                return ds.Tables[0];
            }
        }
        #endregion
        
        /// <summary> 
        /// 获取分页数据 在不用存储过程情况下 
        /// </summary> 
        /// <param name="recordCount">总记录条数</param> 
        /// <param name="selectList">选择的列逗号隔开,支持top num</param> 
        /// <param name="tableName">表名字</param> 
        /// <param name="whereStr">条件字符 必须前加 and</param> 
        /// <param name="orderExpression">排序 例如 ID</param> 
        /// <param name="pageIdex">当前索引页</param> 
        /// <param name="pageSize">每页记录数</param> 
        /// <returns></returns> 
        public static DataTable getPager(out int recordCount, string selectList, string tableName, string whereStr, string orderExpression, int pageIdex, int pageSize)
        {
            int rows = 0;
            DataTable dt = new DataTable();
            MatchCollection matchs = Regex.Matches(selectList, @"top\s+\d{1,}", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);//含有top 
            string sqlStr = sqlStr = string.Format("select {0} from {1} where 1=1 {2}", selectList, tableName, whereStr);
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(orderExpression)) { sqlStr += string.Format(" Order by {0}", orderExpression); }
            if (matchs.Count > 0) //含有top的时候 
            {
                DataTable dtTemp = executeDataTable(sqlStr);
                rows = dtTemp.Rows.Count;
            }
            else //不含有top的时候 
            {
                string sqlCount = string.Format("select count(*) from {0} where 1=1 {1} ", tableName, whereStr);
                //获取行数 
                object obj = executeScalar(sqlCount);
                if (obj != null)
                {
                    rows = Convert.ToInt32(obj);
                }
            }
            dt = executeDataTable(sqlStr, (pageIdex - 1) * pageSize, pageSize);
            recordCount = rows;
            return dt;
        }
        
        #region 创建command 

        /// <summary>
        /// 创建command
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="cmd"></param>
        /// <param name="conn"></param>
        /// <param name="trans"></param>
        /// <param name="cmdText"></param>
        /// <param name="cmdParms"></param>
        private static void prepareCommand(MySqlCommand cmd, MySqlConnection conn, MySqlTransaction trans, string cmdText, MySqlParameter[] cmdParms)
        {
            if (conn.State != ConnectionState.Open)
                conn.Open();
            cmd.Connection = conn;
            cmd.CommandText = cmdText;
            if (trans != null)
                cmd.Transaction = trans;
            cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;//cmdType; 
            if (cmdParms != null)
            {
                foreach (MySqlParameter parameter in cmdParms)
                {
                    if ((parameter.Direction == ParameterDirection.InputOutput || parameter.Direction == ParameterDirection.Input) &&
                    (parameter.Value == null))
                    {
                        parameter.Value = DBNull.Value;
                    }
                    cmd.Parameters.Add(parameter);
                }
            }
        }
        #endregion

6. 测试调用

个人总结：其实mysql很方便的，体积小，又灵活。