Linux 硬盘添加、分区、挂载

Linux 硬盘添加、分区、挂载

系统环境： centos7

1 查看硬盘信息
[root@ws_c_7x lwx]# df -h

Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                 898M     0  898M   0% /dev
tmpfs                    910M     0  910M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    910M  9.6M  901M   2% /run
tmpfs                    910M     0  910M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root   39G  1.3G   37G   4% /
/dev/sda1               1014M  150M  865M  15% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-home   19G   33M   19G   1% /home
tmpfs                    182M     0  182M   0% /run/user/1000

2 查看硬盘信息
[root@ws_c_7x lwx]# ls -l /dev/sd*

brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8,  0 Oct  9 13:36 /dev/sda
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8,  1 Oct  9 13:36 /dev/sda1
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8,  2 Oct  9 13:36 /dev/sda2
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 16 Oct  9 13:36 /dev/sdb

注意：
如果是IDE接口硬盘 : /dev/dh[a-z]，这里的硬盘名字应该是dh[a-z]
开头 如果是SCSI接口硬盘: /dev/[a-z],这里的硬盘名字应该是sd[a-z]开头

3 分区
[root@ws_c_7x lwx]# fdisk /dev/sdb

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x03403326.

Command (m for help): m #查看命令，选择n创建分区
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition
   g   create a new empty GPT partition table
   G   create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

#创建分区
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p #默认
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 #默认
First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048): #默认
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): #默认
Using default value 41943039
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 20 GiB is set

#创建完毕保存退出
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

4 查看硬盘信息
[root@ws_c_7x lwx]# ls -l /dev/sd*

brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8,  0 Oct  9 13:36 /dev/sda
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8,  1 Oct  9 13:36 /dev/sda1
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8,  2 Oct  9 13:36 /dev/sda2
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 16 Oct  9 14:10 /dev/sdb
brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 17 Oct  9 14:10 /dev/sdb1

内核重新读取分区表：

[root@ws_c_7x lwx]# partprobe /dev/sdb

创建文件系统（格式化分区）：
[root@ws_c_7x lwx]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1

mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
1310720 inodes, 5242624 blocks
262131 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=2153775104
160 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

5 创建挂载虚拟目录

[root@ws_c_7x lwx]# mkdir /data

6 进行挂载

[root@ws_c_7x lwx]# mount /dev/sdb1 /data

7 查看硬盘信息
[root@ws_c_7x lwx]# df

Filesystem              1K-blocks    Used Available Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                   919496       0    919496   0% /dev
tmpfs                      931552       0    931552   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                      931552    9772    921780   2% /run
tmpfs                      931552       0    931552   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/centos-root  40137576 1355576  38782000   4% /
/dev/sda1                 1038336  152740    885596  15% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-home  19593216   33008  19560208   1% /home
tmpfs                      186312       0    186312   0% /run/user/1000
/dev/sdb1                20510288   45080  19400300   1% /data

8 永久挂载
[root@ws_c_7x lwx]# vim /etc/fstab

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Wed Oct  9 12:02:57 2019
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
/dev/mapper/centos-root /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=f4cee586-9c9b-4810-ba54-a74d7678cebc /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-home /home                   xfs     defaults        0 0
/dev/mapper/centos-swap swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
#新增硬盘挂载
/dev/sdb1 /data ext4 defaults 0 0

本文综合参考网上博文和相关书籍，供个人备忘和大家参考。