Ubuntu下Docker安装

Ubuntu下Docker 安装

参考：
官网教程 https://docs.docker.com/install/linux/docker-ce/ubuntu/#prerequisites

1 前提条件

系统版本要求：

• Disco 19.04
• Cosmic 18.10
• Bionic 18.04 (LTS)
• Xenial 16.04 (LTS)

x86_64 (or amd64), armhf, arm64, s390x (IBM Z), and ppc64le (IBM Power) 架构支持Docker Engine.

2 卸载老版本

旧版本的docker称为docker、docker.io或docker-engine。如果已安装，请卸载它们：

$ sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc

在/var/lib/docker/下面会有镜像、容器卷和网络的文件。

3 安装储库

1 更新包：

$ sudo apt-get update

2 安装基于https的apt仓储支持：

$ sudo apt-get install \
    apt-transport-https \
    ca-certificates \
    curl \
    gnupg-agent \
    software-properties-common

3 添加Docker官方的GPG密钥：

$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -

通过搜索指纹的最后8个字符，验证您现在拥有指纹9DC8 5822 9FC7 DD38 854A E2D8 8D81 803C 0EBF CD88的密钥。

$ sudo apt-key fingerprint 0EBFCD88
    
pub   rsa4096 2017-02-22 [SCEA]
      9DC8 5822 9FC7 DD38 854A  E2D8 8D81 803C 0EBF CD88
uid           [ unknown] Docker Release (CE deb) <docker@docker.com>
sub   rsa4096 2017-02-22 [S]

4 设置稳定存储库

x86_64 / amd64

$ sudo add-apt-repository \
   "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
   $(lsb_release -cs) \
   stable"

4 安装Docker

1 更新apt package索引

$ sudo apt-get update

2 安装Docker

$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

3 安装指定版本的docker

a. 列出所有的版本：

$ apt-cache madison docker-ce

  docker-ce | 5:18.09.1~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu  xenial/stable amd64 Packages
  docker-ce | 5:18.09.0~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu  xenial/stable amd64 Packages
  docker-ce | 18.06.1~ce~3-0~ubuntu       | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu  xenial/stable amd64 Packages
  docker-ce | 18.06.0~ce~3-0~ubuntu       | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu  xenial/stable amd64 Packages
  ...

b. 安装指定的版本：

$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce=<VERSION_STRING> docker-ce-cli=<VERSION_STRING> containerd.io

4 验证Docker安装，运行hello-world镜像

$ sudo docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
1b930d010525: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:c3b4ada4687bbaa170745b3e4dd8ac3f194ca95b2d0518b417fb47e5879d9b5f
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https://hub.docker.com/

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

查看镜像和容器

$ docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
hello-world         latest              fce289e99eb9        9 months ago        1.84kB

$ docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID        IMAGE               COMMAND             CREATED             STATUS                      PORTS               NAMES
d8e64cce0b67        hello-world         "/hello"            51 seconds ago      Exited (0) 49 seconds ago                       optimistic_moser