20140709 【高精度浮点数】POJ 1001 Exponentiation

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北京大学暑期课：《ACM/ICPC竞赛训练》面向全球招生

Language: Default简体中文 Exponentiation Time Limit: 500MS   Memory Limit: 10000K Total Submissions: 133236   Accepted: 32560 Description Problems involving the computation of exact values of very large magnitude and precision are common. For example, the computation of the national debt is a taxing experience for many computer systems.  This problem requires that you write a program to compute the exact value of R n where R is a real number ( 0.0 < R < 99.999 ) and n is an integer such that 0 < n <= 25. Input The input will consist of a set of pairs of values for R and n. The R value will occupy columns 1 through 6, and the n value will be in columns 8 and 9. Output The output will consist of one line for each line of input giving the exact value of R^n. Leading zeros should be suppressed in the output. Insignificant trailing zeros must not be printed. Don't print the decimal point if the result is an integer. Sample Input 95.123 12 0.4321 20 5.1234 15 6.7592 9 98.999 10 1.0100 12 Sample Output 548815620517731830194541.899025343415715973535967221869852721 .00000005148554641076956121994511276767154838481760200726351203835429763013462401 43992025569.928573701266488041146654993318703707511666295476720493953024 29448126.764121021618164430206909037173276672 90429072743629540498.107596019456651774561044010001 1.126825030131969720661201 Hint If you don't know how to determine wheather encounted the end of input:  s is a string and  n is an integer  C++ while(cin>>s>>n) { ... } c while(scanf("%s%d",s,&n)==2) //to see if the scanf read in as many items as you want /*while(scanf(%s%d",s,&n)!=EOF) //this also work */ { ... } Source East Central North America 1988

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一道高精度的题目， 使用 JAVA 是最好的选择（在JAVA不超时，不爆内存的情况下）。
【虽然用JAVA来写很慢，内存占用也大，但是丰富的JAVA库可以使你的代码很短。这就是牺牲“时间空间”换取代码的简洁】
写这个主要是记录一些A题上常用的JAVA方法。
Scanner 专为编程比赛而设的IO类[ 包含在 java.util.* 中 ]
使用 nextBigInteger() 读入一个高精度整数
使用 nextBigDecimal() 读入一个高精度浮点数
使用 nextInt() 读入一个整数（传统方式......）//类似于 scanf("%d", &a);
使用 hasNext() 判断是否还有数据未读//类似于 EOF != scanf("%d", &n);

使用 next() 读入行字符串//类似于 scanf("%s", s);

BigInteger 高精度整数类, 可以建立高精度整数对象.(方法二者类似, 具体情况请查看API文档)

BigDecimal 高精度浮点数类, 可以建立高精度浮点数对象.[ 包含在 java.math.* 中 ]

BigDecimal.valueOf(108000.112)方法把一个数据(double型等)转成高精度浮点数

BigDecimal.doubleValue()把高精度浮点数转换成 double 型

BigDecimal.stripTrailingZeros()去掉后面多余的0(BigDecimal类比较坑的地方, 不会主动去掉后面多余的0)

BigDecimal.toPlainString()把高精度浮点数转变成字符串(完全展开的, 直接使用toString()方法可能得到的字符串是包含E的科学计数的数值)

BigDecimal.pow(n)计算高精度数的幂(只能是整数倍)

BigDecimal.multiply(BigDecimal)两个高度精度数相乘

String 字符串(不可更改的)

String.startWith(startString)判断字符串是否以 startString 开头

String.subString(start, end)输出字符串的 [ start, end ) 位置的子串.

详情请看JAVA的API文档:

Java™ Platform, Standard Edition 7            API Specification

import java.util.*;
import java.math.*;

public class Main {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
		Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
		while( sc.hasNext() ){
			BigDecimal c = sc.nextBigDecimal();
			int n = sc.nextInt();
			BigDecimal ans = BigDecimal.valueOf(1.0);
			//ans.pow(n);
			for(int i=0; i<n; i++)		ans = ans.multiply(c);
			String s = ans.stripTrailingZeros().toPlainString();
			if( s.startsWith("0") )	System.out.println( s.substring(1) );
			else	System.out.println( s );
		}
	}
}

BigInteger 高精度整数类, 可以建立高精度整数对象.