STL之迭代器事例二

/*
 输入输出，正反迭代器的使用；
 程序输出：
 Let the dice be cast!
 6 7 4 5 2 6 7 10 16 5
 Implicit use of reverse iterator.
 5 16 10 7 6 2 5 4 7 6
 Explicit use of reverse iterator.
 5 16 10 7 6 2 5 4 7 6
 */
#include <iostream>
#include <iterator>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
 int casts[10] = {6, 7, 4, 5, 2, 6, 7, 10, 16, 5};
 vector<int> dice(10);
 //copy from array to vector
 copy(casts, casts + 10, dice.begin());
 cout << "Let the dice be cast! \n";
 //create an ostream iterator
 ostream_iterator<int, char> out_iter (cout, " ");
 //copy from vector to output
 copy(dice.begin(), dice.end(), out_iter);
 cout << endl;
 cout << "Implicit use of reverse iterator. \n";
 copy(dice.rbegin(), dice.rend(), out_iter);
 cout <<endl;
 cout << "Explicit use of reverse iterator. \n";
 vector<int>:: reverse_iterator riter;
 for (riter = dice.rbegin(); riter != dice.rend(); ++riter)
 {
  cout << *riter << ' ';
 }

 cout << endl;
 getchar();
 return 0;
}

 

注意：

一、copy()不仅仅可以将信息从一个容器复制到另一个容器中，还可以将信息从容器复制到输出流，从输入流复制到容器中。还可以使用copy()将信息插入到另一个容器中。

二、rbegin()和end()返回相同的值（超尾），但类型不同(reverse_iterator和iterator)。rend()和begin()同理。

 

/*
 联合容器set事例，及用copy()输出到显示器的方法。

 知识点：
 联合容器，multiset容器类似于set，但前者可能有多个值得关键字相同。
 但后者关键字唯一，其值就是关键字。因此，其不能指定元素的插入位置，
 其保存的数据时经过排序的。

 程序输出：
 Set A:buffon can for heavy thinkers
 Set B:any deliver elegant food for metal
 Union of A and B:
 any buffon can deliver elegant food for heavy metal thinkers
 Intersection of A and B:
 for
 Difference of A and B:
 buffon can heavy thinkers
 Set C:
 any buffon can deliver elegant food for heavy metal thinkers
 Set C affter insertion:
 any buffon can deliver elegant food for grungy heavy metal thinkers
 showing a range:
 grungy heavy metal
 */
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <set>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
 const int N = 6;
 string s1[N] = {"buffon", "thinkers", "for", "heavy", "can", "for"};
 string s2[N] = {"metal", "any", "food", "elegant", "deliver", "for"};

 set<string> A(s1, s1 + N);
 set<string> B(s2, s2 + N);

 ostream_iterator<string, char> out(cout, " ");
 cout << "Set A:";
 copy(A.begin(), A.end(), out);
 cout << endl;
 cout << "Set B:";
 copy(B.begin(), B.end(), out);
 cout << endl;

 cout << "Union of A and B: \n";
 set_union(A.begin(), A.end(), B.begin(), B.end(), out);
 cout << endl;

 cout << "Intersection of A and B: \n";
 set_intersection(A.begin(), A.end(), B.begin(), B.end(), out);
 cout << endl;

 cout << "Difference of A and B: \n";
 set_difference(A.begin(), A.end(), B.begin(), B.end(), out);
 cout << endl;

 set<string> C;
 cout << "Set C: \n";
 set_union(A.begin(), A.end(), B.begin(), B.end(), insert_iterator<set<string>> (C, C.begin()));
 copy(C.begin(), C.end(), out);
 cout << endl;

 string s3("grungy");
 C.insert(s3);
 cout << "Set C affter insertion: \n";
 copy(C.begin(), C.end(), out);
 cout << endl;

 cout << "showing a range: \n";
 copy(C.lower_bound("ghost"), C.upper_bound("spook"), out);
 cout << endl;

 getchar();
 return 0;
}