使用Cacti监控你的网络

一、Cacti的安装
1.安装环境：Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 5.4 (Tikanga)
2.安装Apache、MySQL、PHP
（1）.安装MySQL
//查看系统中是否已经安装了MySQL，如果是卸载所有以mysql开头的包。
# rpm -qa | grep mysql
# rpm -e mysql-*
# rm -f /etc/my.cnf

groupadd mysql
useradd mysql -c "start mysqld's account" -d /dev/null -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin
cd /usr/local/src/
tar -xzvf mysql-5.1.36.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.1.36
./configure /
--prefix=/usr/local/mysql /
--with-mysqld-user=mysql /
--without-debug /
--with-client-ldflags=-all-static /
--with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static /
--disable-shared /
--localstatedir=/var/lib/mysql /
--without-isam /
--without-innodb /
--enable-assembler

make && make install

cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
chown -R root:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

配置系统启动时自动启动MySQl
cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
cd /etc/init.d
chmod 755 mysql
chkconfig --add mysql
chkconfig --level 3 mysql on
cp /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin

mysql
use mysql;
UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD('ddl') WHERE user='root';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

（2）.安装apache

cd /usr/local/src
tar -zxvf httpd-2.2.4.tar.gz
cd httpd-2.2.4
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2 --enable-module=so --enable-rewrite
make && make install

设置自启动
cp support/apachectl /etc/init.d/httpd

修改/etc/init.d/httpd
vi /etc/init.d/httpd(在第两行之后添加如下内容)
#!/bin/sh
#
# Startup script for the Apache Web Server
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Apache is a World Wide Web server. It is used to serve /
# HTML files and CGI.
# processname: httpd
# pidfile: /usr/local/apache2/log/httpd.pid
# config: /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

chkconfig --add httpd
chmod 755 /etc/init.d/httpd
chkconfig httpd on

启动
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start

在RHEL5.4上报下面的错是因为开着selinux.关闭即可
[root@localhost bin]# ./apachectl start
httpd: Syntax error on line 53 of /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf: Cannot load

/usr/local/apache2/modules/libphp5.so into server: /usr/local/apache2/modules/libphp5.so: cannot

restore segment prot after reloc: Permission denied

 

（3）.安装PHP
先安装zlib,freetype,libpng,jpeg以便于让PHP支持GD库（Cacti的WeatherMap插件必须要较新GD库的支持）
库文件下载地址： http://oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool/pub/libs/
1）.安装zlib

cd /usr/local/src
tar  -xzvf zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz
cd  zlib-1.2.3
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/zlib
make  &&  make install

(2）.安装libpng

cd /usr/local/src
tar zxvf libpng-1.2.18.tar.gz
cd libpng-1.2.18/scripts/
mv makefile.linux ../makefile
cd ..
make && make install
注意，这里的makefile不是用./configure生成，而是直接从scripts/里拷一个

3）.安装freetype

cd /usr/local/src
tar -xzvf freetype-2.3.4.tar.gz
cd freetype-2.3.4
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/freetype
make && make install

4）.安装Jpeg

cd /usr/local/src
tar -zxvf jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz
cd jpeg-6b/
mkdir /usr/local/libjpeg
mkdir /usr/local/libjpeg/include
mkdir /usr/local/libjpeg/bin
mkdir /usr/local/libjpeg/lib
mkdir /usr/local/libjpeg/man
mkdir /usr/local/libjpeg/man/man1

./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libjpeg --enable-shared --enable-static
make && make install
注意，这里configure一定要带--enable-shared参数，不然，不会生成共享库

5）.安装Fontconfig

cd /usr/local/src
tar -zxvf fontconfig-2.4.2.tar.gz
cd fontconfig-2.4.2
./configure --with-freetype-config=/usr/local/freetype-config
make && make install

6）.安装GD

cd /usr/local/src
tar -zxvf gd-2.0.34.tar.gz
cd gd-2.0.34
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/libgd --with-png /

--with-freetype=/usr/local/freetype /

--with-jpeg=/usr/local/libjpeg  /

--enable-m4_pattern_allow
make && make install

编译时显示以下信息：
** Configuration summary for gd 2.0.34:

Support for PNG library:          yes
Support for JPEG library:         yes
Support for Freetype 2.x library: yes
Support for Fontconfig library:   yes
Support for Xpm library:          no
Support for pthreads:             yes

7）.编辑/etc/ld.so.conf，添加以下几行到此文件中
/usr/local/zlib/lib
/usr/local/freetype/lib
/usr/local/libjpeg/lib
/usr/local/libgd/lib

并执行ldconfig命令，使用动态装入器装载找到共享库

8）.安装libxml

cd /usr/local/src/
tar -xzvf libxml2-2.6.25.tar.gz
cd libxml2-2.6.25
./configure
make  && make install

9）.安装PHP

cd /usr/local/src/
tar -zxvf  php-5.2.3.tar.gz
cd php-5.2.3
./configure  --prefix=/usr/local/php /
--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs  /
--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql  /
--with-gd=/usr/local/libgd  /
--enable-gd-native-ttf  /
--with-ttf  /
--enable-gd-jis-conv  /
--with-freetype-dir=/usr/local/freetype  /
--with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local/libjpeg  /
--with-png-dir=/usr   /
--with-zlib-dir=/usr/local/zlib   /
--enable-xml  /
--enable-mbstring  /
--enable-sockets

make && make install

cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini
修改apache配置文件httpd.conf
vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

添加以下内容
AddType application/x-httpd-php .php .phtml
AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps
AddType application/x-tar .tgz
AddType image/x-icon .ico

修改DirectoryIndex 行，添加index.php
修改为DirectoryIndex index.php index.html index.html.var

cd /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/
touch info.php
vi info.php

建立测试页面：info.php,添加以下内容：

<?php
phpinfo();
?>

重启动apache
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl stop
/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start
在浏览器中输入： http://www.yourdomain.com/info.php 进行测试。

对php编译选项的解释：
--prefix=/usr/local/php   //指定PHP的安装目录
--with-apxs2=/usr/local/apache2/bin/apxs      //支持Apache模块
--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql    //支持MySQl
--with-gd=/usr/local/libgd     //支持GD库
--enable-gd-native-ttf     //激活对本地 TrueType 字符串函数的支持
--with-ttf     //激活对 FreeType 1.x 的支持
--with-freetype-dir=/usr/local/freetype    //激活对 FreeType 2.x 的支持
--with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local/libjpeg //激活对 jpeg-6b 的支持
--with-png-dir=/usr   //激活对 png 的支持
--with-zlib-dir=/usr/local/zlib //激活对zlib 的支持
--enable-mbstring    //激活mbstring模块
--enable-gd-jis-conv //使JIS-mapped可用，支持日文字体
--with-mail   //支持Mail函数
--enable-xml     //支持XML
--enable-sockets      //支持套接字

10）.安装RRDTool

由于rrdtool-1.2.23需要一些库文件支持，故需先安装配置支持的环境，然后编译安装。直接运行以下bash脚本

就可以完成安装：

由于rrdtool-1.2.23需要一些库文件支持，故需先安装配置支持的环境，然后编译安装。直接运行以下bash脚本

就可以完成安装：
注意：将cgilib-0.5.tar.gz、zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz、libpng-1.2.18.tar.gz、freetype-2.3.5.tar.gz、

libart_lgpl-2.3.17.tar.gz、rrdtool-1.2.23.tar.gz放到/root/rrdtool-1.2.23目录下，将脚本保存

为/root/rrdtool-1.2.23/rrdtoolinstall.sh，并给执行权限chmod u+x

/root/rrdtool-1.2.23/rrdtoolinstall.sh

#!/bin/sh
BUILD_DIR=`pwd`
INSTALL_DIR=/usr/local/rrdtool
cd $BUILD_DIR
tar zxf cgilib-0.5.tar.gz
cd cgilib-0.5
make CC=gcc CFLAGS="-O3 -fPIC -I."
mkdir -p $BUILD_DIR/lb/include
cp *.h $BUILD_DIR/lb/include
mkdir -p $BUILD_DIR/lb/lib
cp libcgi* $BUILD_DIR/lb/lib
cd $BUILD_DIR
tar  zxf zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz
cd zlib-1.2.3
env CFLAGS="-O3 -fPIC" ./configure --prefix=$BUILD_DIR/lb
make
make install
cd $BUILD_DIR
tar zxvf libpng-1.2.18.tar.gz
cd libpng-1.2.18
env CPPFLAGS="-I$BUILD_DIR/lb/include" LDFLAGS="-L$BUILD_DIR/lb/lib" CFLAGS="-O3 -fPIC" /
    ./configure --disable-shared --prefix=$BUILD_DIR/lb
make
make install
cd $BUILD_DIR
tar zxvf freetype-2.3.5.tar.gz
cd freetype-2.2.5
env CPPFLAGS="-I$BUILD_DIR/lb/include" LDFLAGS="-L$BUILD_DIR/lb/lib" CFLAGS="-O3 -fPIC" /
    ./configure --disable-shared --prefix=$BUILD_DIR/lb
make
make install

cd $BUILD_DIR
tar zxvf libart_lgpl-2.3.17.tar.gz
cd libart_lgpl-2.3.17
env CFLAGS="-O3 -fPIC" ./configure --disable-shared --prefix=$BUILD_DIR/lb
make
make install
IR=-I$BUILD_DIR/lb/include
CPPFLAGS="$IR $IR/libart-2.0 $IR/freetype2 $IR/libpng"
LDFLAGS="-L$BUILD_DIR/lb/lib"
CFLAGS=-O3
export CPPFLAGS LDFLAGS CFLAGS
cd $BUILD_DIR
tar zxf rrdtool-1.2.23.tar.gz
cd rrdtool-1.2.23
./configure --prefix=$INSTALL_DIR --disable-python --disable-tcl && make && make install

//完成后建立符号连接
ln –s /usr/local/rrdtool/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
//执行rrdtool看是否安装正确

11）.安装net-snmp

cd /usr/local/src/
tar zxvf net-snmp-5.2.4.tar.gz
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/net-snmp  --enable-developer
make && make install
ln -s /usr/local/net-snmp/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
cp EXAMPLE.conf  /usr/local/net-snmp/share/snmp/snmpd.conf
vi /usr/local/net-snmp/share/snmp/snmpd.conf

//修改snmpd.conf（修改COMMUNITY、允许抓取snmp数据的主机、抓取数据范围等）。

启动SNMP服务
/usr/local/net-snmp/sbin/snmpd

系统启动时启动SNMP服务
vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local
//在rc.local上加入一行/usr/local/net-snmp/sbin/snmpd

12）.安装Cacti

cd /usr/local/src/
tar -zxvf cacti-0.8.6j.tar.gz
cp  -r cacti-0.8.6j  /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/cacti

vi /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/cacti/include/config.php

$database_type = "mysql";
$database_default = "cacti";
$database_hostname = "localhost";
$database_username = "cacti";
$database_password = "cacti";

//添加cacti用户
useradd cacti -c "start cacti's account" -d /dev/null  -s /sbin/nologin
//将rra目录的所有权给cacti用户
# chown -R cacti /usr/loca/apache2/htdocs/cacti/rra
//修改cacti目录所属组
# chgrp -R cacti /usr/loca/apache2/htdocs/cacti
//为cacti用户添加cron任务
crontab -u cacti –e
*/5 * * * * /usr/local/bin/php /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/cacti/poller.php > /dev/null 2>&1
注意：首次执行poller.php时请使用cacti用户，否则生成的rrd文件cacti将没有写入权限。

 

13）.安装Cactid

CACTID 的安装需要以下支持：
o    net-snmp-devel （需要编译安装net-snmp时添加--enable-developer选项）
o    mysql              
o    mysql-devel     （mysql源文件编译安装后默认支持）
o    openssl-devel  （Redhat默认安装）
# tar -zxvf cacti-cactid-0.8.6i.tar.gz
# cd cacti-cactid-0.8.6i
# ./configure --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql --with-snmp=/usr/local/net-snmp
# make
//这时你将在此目录下看到多出了cactid、cactid.conf两个文件
# mkdir /usr/local/cactid
# cp cactid cactid.conf /usr/local/cactid
# vi  /usr/local/cactid/cactid.conf       //修改cactid配置文件
DB_Host         127.0.0.1
DB_Database     cacti
DB_User         cacti
DB_Pass         cacti

14).数据库配置
#mysql -uroot -p
Password:
mysql> create database cacti;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql> grant all on cacti.* to cacti@localhost identified by "cacti";
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
 
mysql>exit
# cd /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/cacti
# mysql -uroot -pddl cacti < cacti.sql
Password:
    
15).完成cacti的安装
1）.在浏览器中输入： http://www.yourdomain.com/cacti/
默认用户名：admin 密码：admin
2）.更改密码
3）.设置cacti用到的命令路径
snmpwalk Binary Path          /usr/local/ bin/snmpwalk
snmpget Binary Path         /usr/local/ bin/snmpget
RRDTool Binary Path         /usr/local/ bin/rrdtool
PHP Binary Path              /usr/local/bin/php
Cacti Log File Path           /usr/local/apache2/htdocs/cacti/log/cacti.log
Cactid Poller File Path      /usr/local/cactid/cactid

16）.进入cacti后需确认更改以下位置：
Console>Settings>General> RRDTool Utility Version>RRDTool1.2.X
Console>Settings>Poller>Poller Type>cactid

 

 

相关下载：
mysql-5.1.36.tar.gz
ftp://mirror2.dataphone.se/pub/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.1/mysql-5.1.36.tar.gz
httpd-2.2.4.tar.gz
http://apache.mirror.phpchina.com/httpd/httpd-2.2.4.tar.gz
zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz
http://google-desktop-for-linux-mirror.googlecode.com/files/zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz
libpng-1.2.18.tar.gz
http://oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool/pub/libs/libpng-1.2.18.tar.gz
freetype-2.3.4.tar.gz
http://download.savannah.gnu.org/releases/freetype/freetype-2.3.4.tar.gz
jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz
ftp://ftp.aai.ee/pub/unix/jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz
fontconfig-2.4.2.tar.gz
http://oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool/pub/libs/fontconfig-2.4.2.tar.gz
gd-2.0.34.tar.gz
http://www.libgd.org/releases/oldreleases/gd-2.0.34.tar.gz
libxml2-2.6.25.tar.gz
http://cvs.fedoraproject.org/repo/pkgs/libxml2/libxml2 -

2.6.25.tar.gz/84ba8fd59f4e52dcd1fd368a61b3101e/libxml2-2.6.25.tar.gz
php-5.2.3.tar.gz
http://cn.php.net/distributions/php-5.2.3.tar.gz
net-snmp-5.2.4.tar.gz
http://ftp.yz.yamagata-u.ac.jp/pub/network/net-snmp/net-snmp-5.2.4.tar.gz
cacti-0.8.6j.tar.gz
http://www.cacti.net/downloads/cacti-0.8.6j.tar.gz
cacti-cactid-0.8.6i.tar.gz
http://www.cacti.net/downloads/cactid/cacti-cactid-0.8.6i.tar.gz
cgilib-0.5.tar.gz
http://www.scriptroute.org/source/cgilib-0.5.tar.gz
zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz
http://google-desktop-for-linux-mirror.googlecode.com/files/zlib-1.2.3.tar.gz
libpng-1.2.18.tar.gz
http://oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool/pub/libs/libpng-1.2.18.tar.gz
freetype-2.3.5.tar.gz
http://oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool/pub/libs/freetype-2.3.5.tar.gz
libart_lgpl-2.3.17.tar.gz
http://oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool/pub/libs/libart_lgpl-2.3.17.tar.gz
rrdtool-1.2.23.tar.gz
http://oss.oetiker.ch/rrdtool/pub/rrdtool-1.2.23.tar.gz