ES term terms prefix 搜索 聚合查询 详细总结
1 前提
本人从17年在工作中接触ES，但是到现在感觉没有入门，主要是一直使用ES的JavaAPI去做简单业务逻辑开发，并没有认真看过ES的文档，对ES的理解还很浅。本着“教是最好的学”，特别想整理下ES查询的常用API，尤其看了下面ES开发者占比，感觉尤为强烈，因为我不属于其中一种（我=年龄大+工资低+头发少）。
2 准备数据
PUT /pigg/_doc/1
{
"name": "老亚瑟",
"age": 31,
"sex": "男",
"word": "死亡骑士，不是死掉的骑士",
"weapon": ["黑切", "冰痕之握", "反伤刺甲","闪电匕首","破军"]
}
PUT /pigg/_doc/2
{
"name": "孙悟空",
"age": 40,
"sex": "男",
"word": "我就是吉吉国王",
"weapon": ["黑切", "冰痕之握", "无尽战刃", "宗师之力"]
}
PUT /pigg/_doc/3
{
"name": "安琪拉",
"age": 16,
"sex": "女",
"word": "我就是小萝莉",
"weapon": []
}
PUT /pigg/_doc/4
{
"name": "老夫子",
"age": 100,
"sex": "男",
"word": "我要定住你"
}
3 凉菜–这个都不会？一首凉凉送给你
对ES不熟悉可先看Elasticsearch笔记(九) term terms exists 查询案例
1 term
查询name=“老亚瑟”的数据
GET /pigg/_search
{
"query": {
"term": {
"name": {
"value": "老亚瑟"
}
}
},
"_source": ["name"]
}
这个时候我们发下结果如下，没有数据
{
"hits" : {
"total" : 0,
"max_score" : null,
"hits" : [ ]
}
}
因为我们没有自己定义mapping，这里name是text类型，“老亚瑟”被ES默认分词为“老”，“亚”，“瑟”这3个字，所以找不到。
term是包含的意思，查询name里包含“老”的数据：
GET /pigg/_search
{
"query": {
"term": {
"name": {
"value": "老"
}
}
},
"_source": ["name"]
}
返回结果如下，可以看到“老夫子”和“老亚瑟”都匹配中。
{
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "pigg",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "4",
"_score" : 0.6931472,
"_source" : {
"name" : "老夫子"
}
},
{
"_index" : "pigg",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 0.2876821,
"_source" : {
"name" : "老亚瑟"
}
}
]
name默认下面有个keyword字段，就是name.keyword，它没有被分词。
GET /pigg/_search
{
"query": {
"term": {
"name.keyword": {
"value": "老亚瑟"
}
}
},
"_source": ["name"]
}
结果如下，通过keyword类型可以精确查询
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "pigg",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 0.2876821,
"_source" : {
"name" : "老亚瑟"
}
}
]
2 terms
terms是命中一个就算匹配，查询有黑切或者宗师之力的人
GET /pigg/_search
{
"query": {
"terms": {
"weapon.keyword": [
"黑切",
"宗师之力"
]
}
},
"_source": ["name", "weapon"]
}
返回结果如下：
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "pigg",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "2",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"weapon" : [
"黑切",
"冰痕之握",
"无尽战刃",
"宗师之力"
],
"name" : "孙悟空"
}
},
{
"_index" : "pigg",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"weapon" : [
"黑切",
"冰痕之握",
"反伤刺甲",
"闪电匕首",
"破军"
],
"name" : "老亚瑟"
}
}
]
3 prefix
prefix前缀查询，在工作中很常见，就行MySQL里的 like “abc%”。
查询name以“老”开头的人：
GET /pigg/_search
{
"query": {
"prefix": {
"name.keyword": {
"value": "老"
}
}
},
"_source": ["name"]
}
结果如下：
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "pigg",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "4",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "老夫子"
}
},
{
"_index" : "pigg",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "老亚瑟"
}
}
]
4 wildcard
wildcard查询就像MySQL的Like查询，它查询效率比较低，一般也不用
查询name里包含“亚”的人：
GET /pigg/_search
{
"query": {
"wildcard": {
"name.keyword": {
"value": "*亚*"
}
}
},
"_source": ["name"]
}
5 range
range是范围查询，查询age在[10,30]的人
GET /pigg/_search
{
"query": {
"range": {
"age": {
"gte": 10,
"lte": 30
}
}
},
"_source": ["name"]
}
返回如下：
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "pigg",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "安琪拉"
}
}
]
6 exists
查询weapon字段有值的人：
GET /pigg/_search
{
"query": {
"exists": {
"field": "weapon"
}
},
"_source": ["name"]
}
查询weapon字段没有值的人：
GET /pigg/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must_not": [
{
"exists": {
"field": "weapon"
}
}
]
}
},
"_source": ["name"]
}
结果如下：其中老夫子没有weapon这个字段，而安琪拉的weapon=[]。
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "pigg",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "4",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "老夫子"
}
},
{
"_index" : "pigg",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 1.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "安琪拉"
}
}
]
4 油焖大虾–把condition组合起来一锅焖
1 bool
bool 过滤器是个 复合过滤器，它可以接受多个其他过滤器作为参数，并将这些过滤器结合成各式各样的布尔（逻辑）组合。
它格式如下：
{
"bool" : {
"must" : [],
"should" : [],
"must_not" : [],
}
}
2 must
查询name以“老”开头的，并且age>=90的人
GET /pigg/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{
"prefix": {
"name": {
"value": "老"
}
}
},
{
"range": {
"age": {
"gte": 90
}
}
}
]
}
},
"_source": ["name","age"]
}
查询结果如下，毕竟我们的亚瑟王怎么可能那么老
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "pigg",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "4",
"_score" : 2.0,
"_source" : {
"name" : "老夫子",
"age" : 100
}
}
]
3 must_not
must_not和must相反，是非的意思，查询买了武器但是没有买无尽战刃的人
GET /pigg/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must_not": [
{
"term": {
"weapon.keyword": {
"value": "无尽战刃"
}
}
}
],
"must": [
{
"exists": {
"field": "weapon"
}
}
]
}
},
"_source": ["name", "weapon"]
}
4 should
should是或的意思
查询是女的，或者word包含“吉吉国王”的人
GET /pigg/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"should": [
{
"term": {
"sex": {
"value": "女"
}
}
},
{
"match": {
"word": "吉吉国王"
}
}
]
}
},
"_source": ["name","sex", "word"]
}
返回如下：
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "pigg",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "2",
"_score" : 3.1186123,
"_source" : {
"sex" : "男",
"name" : "孙悟空",
"word" : "我就是吉吉国王"
}
},
{
"_index" : "pigg",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "3",
"_score" : 0.2876821,
"_source" : {
"sex" : "女",
"name" : "安琪拉",
"word" : "我就是小萝莉"
}
}
]
当should和must或者must_not在同一层的时候，它不会影响结果，但影响匹配分数。
GET /pigg/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"must": [
{
"term": {
"sex.keyword": {
"value": "男"
}
}
}
],
"should": [
{
"range": {
"age": {
"gte": 90
}
}
}
]
}
},
"_source": ["name","sex", "age"]
}
结果如下：大家都是男人，但是老夫子的年龄>=90,他的_score=1.1823215，比另外2人高。
"hits" : [
{
"_index" : "pigg",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "4",
"_score" : 1.1823215,
"_source" : {
"sex" : "男",
"name" : "老夫子",
"age" : 100
}
},
{
"_index" : "pigg",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "1",
"_score" : 0.2876821,
"_source" : {
"sex" : "男",
"name" : "老亚瑟",
"age" : 31
}
},
{
"_index" : "pigg",
"_type" : "_doc",
"_id" : "2",
"_score" : 0.18232156,
"_source" : {
"sex" : "男",
"name" : "孙悟空",
"age" : 40
}
}
]
5 filter
filter过滤查询，它不评分，效率高，网上介绍filter的文章很多，在此我就不瞎BB了。
GET /pigg/_search
{
"query": {
"bool": {
"filter": {
"term": {
"sex.keyword": "男"
}
}
}
},
"_source": ["name","sex"]
}
5 阿凡提羊肉串–给查询加点料
1 过滤字段 _source
#只返回"name", "sex"2个字段
GET /pigg/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
},
"_source": ["name", "sex"]
}
#只返回w开头的字段
GET /pigg/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
},
"_source": ["w*"]
}
#只返回w开头并且不是n结尾的字段
GET /pigg/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
},
"_source": {
"includes": "w*",
"excludes": "*n"
}
}
2 排序 sort
GET /pigg/_search
{
"sort": [
{
"sex.keyword": {
"order": "desc"
}
},
{
"age": {
"order": "desc"
}
}
],
"_source": ["name","sex","age"]
}
3 分页查询 from+size
分页功能很常用，from从0开始，如果数据量很大，有深分页的问题。虽然有时公司喜欢改max_result_window这个参数，调的很多。额。。。，能查出来，你高兴就好。
如果数据量很大，分页读取数据并处理，可以考虑scroll，网上文章很多，我就不BB了。
GET /pigg/_search
{
"from": 0,
"size": 2,
"sort": [
{
"sex.keyword": {
"order": "desc"
}
}
],
"_source": ["name","sex"]
}
6 肉末茄子–Aggs服务员，你过来统计下肉末
1 count
统计满足条件的数量
GET /pigg/_count
{
"query": {
"term": {
"sex.keyword": {
"value": "男"
}
}
}
}
2 terms聚合
terms聚合，就像GROUP BY
POST /_xpack/sql?format=txt
{
"query": "SELECT sex, COUNT(*) num FROM pigg GROUP BY sex ORDER BY num desc"
}
统计各装备的使用数量，并排序
GET /pigg/_search
{
"aggs": {
"terms_by_weapon": {
"terms": {
"field": "weapon.keyword",
"size": 10,
"order" : { "_count" : "asc" }
}
}
}
}
结果如下：
"buckets" : [
{
"key" : "反伤刺甲",
"doc_count" : 1
},
{
"key" : "宗师之力",
"doc_count" : 1
},
{
"key" : "无尽战刃",
"doc_count" : 1
},
{
"key" : "破军",
"doc_count" : 1
},
{
"key" : "闪电匕首",
"doc_count" : 1
},
{
"key" : "冰痕之握",
"doc_count" : 2
},
{
"key" : "黑切",
"doc_count" : 2
}
]
3 having，聚合完，再过滤
统计使用量>=2的装备
GET /pigg/_search
{
"size": 0,
"aggs":{
"terms_by_weapon":{
"terms":{
"field":"weapon.keyword",
"size":10
},
"aggs":{
"having":{
"bucket_selector":{
"buckets_path":{
"weaponCount":"_count"
},
"script":{
"lang":"expression",
"inline":"weaponCount >= 2"
}
}
}
}
}
}
}
返回结果如下：
"buckets" : [
{
"key" : "冰痕之握",
"doc_count" : 2
},
{
"key" : "黑切",
"doc_count" : 2
}
]
4 先过滤后，再聚合
先限定age<=90,然后按照sex分组，再求各性别的平均age
GET /pigg/_search
{
"size": 5,
"query": {
"bool": {
"filter": {
"range": {
"age": {
"lte": 90
}
}
}
}
},
"_source": ["name","sex","age"],
"aggs": {
"terms_by_sex": {
"terms": {
"field": "sex.keyword",
"size": 10
},
"aggs":{
"avg_age":{
"avg": {
"field": "age"
}
}
}
}
}
}
7 扇子骨-collapse听说你想折叠起来
1 collapse折叠查询
GET /pigg/_search
{
"query": {
"range": {
"age": {
"gte": 10,
"lte": 90
}
}
},
"collapse": {
"field": "sex.keyword",
"inner_hits":{
"name": "old_age",
"size": 1,
"sort": [{"age": "desc"}]
}
},
"sort": [
{
"age": {
"order": "desc"
}
}
]
}
8 青椒肉丝-Explain服务员，解释下为啥只有青椒
1 explain
explain参数可以接受DSL的语句，_validate验证DSL是否合法。
GET /pigg/_validate/query?explain
{
"query": {
"terms": {
"weapon.keyword": [
"黑切",
"宗师之力"
]
}
}
}
返回如下：
"valid" : true,
"explanations" : [
{
"index" : "pigg",
"valid" : true,
"explanation" : "weapon.keyword:(宗师之力 黑切)"
}
]
9 总结一句话
上面也就算ES的一些皮毛，ES功能很多，想一次性学完不可能，只能在工作中在闲暇时间学习积累，
少玩些农药，多学习吧。
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