Centos8上利用 xtrabackup 软件实现完全备份及还原

实验环境：

主机1：CentOS 8.3（IP地址：10.0.0.8/24），作为MySQL的源服务器，MySQL版本：8.0

主机2：CentOS 8.3（IP地址：10.0.0.18/24），作为MySQL的目标服务器，MySQL版本：8.0

注 ：两台主机都需要安装MySQL8.0以及xtrabackup8.0，需要配置EPEL源 并且都下载了 lrzsz 这个传输文件的东西

点击下方蓝色下载点即可 按图上版本选中下载
xtrabackup 软件下载点

一。主机1安装MySQL8.0并设为开机自启：

[root@CentOS8 ~]# yum install -y mysql-server
Last metadata expiration check: 0:04:20 ago on Tue 18 May 2021 07:03:34 PM CST.
Installed Packages
Name         : mysql-server
Version      : 8.0.21
Release      : 1.module_el8.2.0+493+63b41e36
Architecture : x86_64
Size         : 108 M
Source       : mysql-8.0.21-1.module_el8.2.0+493+63b41e36.src.rpm
Repository   : @System
From repo    : AppStream
Summary      : The MySQL server and related files
URL          : http://www.mysql.com
License      : GPLv2 with exceptions and LGPLv2 and BSD
Description  : MySQL is a multi-user, multi-threaded SQL database server. MySQL is a
             : client/server implementation consisting of a server daemon (mysqld)
             : and many different client programs and libraries. This package contains
             : the MySQL server and some accompanying files and directories.
             
[root@CentOS8 ~]# systemctl enable --now mysqld.service

二、备份过程（在主机1上进行操作）

1.安装下载好的xtrabackup RPM包
2.创建备份目录，并进行完全备份 因为默认刚装好的用户没密码，所以不用加 -p

[root@CentOS8 ~]# mkdir /backup
[root@CentOS8 ~]# xtrabackup -uroot --backup --target-dir=/backup/base
xtrabackup: recognized server arguments: --datadir=/var/lib/mysql 
xtrabackup: recognized client arguments: --user=root --backup=1 --target-dir=/backup/base 
xtrabackup version 8.0.23-16 based on MySQL server 8.0.23 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 934bc8f)
210518 19:19:23  version_check Connecting to MySQL server with DSN 'dbi:mysql:;mysql_read_default_group=xtrabackup' as 'root'  (using password: NO).
210518 19:19:23  version_check Connected to MySQL server
210518 19:19:23  version_check Executing a version check against the server...
中间略。。。。
210518 19:19:34 Executing UNLOCK INSTANCE
210518 19:19:34 All tables unlocked
210518 19:19:34 [00] Copying ib_buffer_pool to /backup/base/ib_buffer_pool
210518 19:19:34 [00]        ...done
210518 19:19:34 Backup created in directory '/backup/base/'
MySQL binlog position: filename 'binlog.000002', position '156'
210518 19:19:34 [00] Writing /backup/base/backup-my.cnf
210518 19:19:34 [00]        ...done
210518 19:19:34 [00] Writing /backup/base/xtrabackup_info
210518 19:19:34 [00]        ...done
xtrabackup: Transaction log of lsn (17720213) to (17720223) was copied.
210518 19:19:35 completed OK!

3.第一次修改数据，导入一个数据库

[root@CentOS8 ~]# mysql < hellodb_innodb.sql 
[root@CentOS8 ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 15
Server version: 8.0.21 Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2020<