mysql 递归查询

转自:http://www.cnblogs.com/xiaoxi/p/5942805.html

作者语:之前项目使用的是ms sqlserver数据库,支持with as 语法中直接递归调用。但mysql并不支持with as 语法,只能将with as的过程封装成函数,然后在查询中进行调用。此文有效的解决了我的问题,特转载至此,以留以后查询使用。

1、创建表:

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `t_areainfo`;
CREATE TABLE `t_areainfo` (
 `id` int(11) NOT '0' AUTO_INCREMENT,
 `level` int(11) DEFAULT '0',
 `name` varchar(255) DEFAULT '0',
 `parentId` int(11) DEFAULT '0',
 `status` int(11) DEFAULT '0',
 PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=65 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

2、初始数据:

INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('1', '0', '中国', '0', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('2', '0', '华北区', '1', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('3', '0', '华南区', '1', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('4', '0', '北京', '2', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('5', '0', '海淀区', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('6', '0', '丰台区', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('7', '0', '朝阳区', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('8', '0', '北京XX区1', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('9', '0', '北京XX区2', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('10', '0', '北京XX区3', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('11', '0', '北京XX区4', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('12', '0', '北京XX区5', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('13', '0', '北京XX区6', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('14', '0', '北京XX区7', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('15', '0', '北京XX区8', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('16', '0', '北京XX区9', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('17', '0', '北京XX区10', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('18', '0', '北京XX区11', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('19', '0', '北京XX区12', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('20', '0', '北京XX区13', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('21', '0', '北京XX区14', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('22', '0', '北京XX区15', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('23', '0', '北京XX区16', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('24', '0', '北京XX区17', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('25', '0', '北京XX区18', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('26', '0', '北京XX区19', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('27', '0', '北京XX区1', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('28', '0', '北京XX区2', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('29', '0', '北京XX区3', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('30', '0', '北京XX区4', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('31', '0', '北京XX区5', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('32', '0', '北京XX区6', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('33', '0', '北京XX区7', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('34', '0', '北京XX区8', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('35', '0', '北京XX区9', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('36', '0', '北京XX区10', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('37', '0', '北京XX区11', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('38', '0', '北京XX区12', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('39', '0', '北京XX区13', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('40', '0', '北京XX区14', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('41', '0', '北京XX区15', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('42', '0', '北京XX区16', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('43', '0', '北京XX区17', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('44', '0', '北京XX区18', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('45', '0', '北京XX区19', '4', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('46', '0', 'xx省1', '1', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('47', '0', 'xx省2', '1', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('48', '0', 'xx省3', '1', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('49', '0', 'xx省4', '1', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('50', '0', 'xx省5', '1', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('51', '0', 'xx省6', '1', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('52', '0', 'xx省7', '1', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('53', '0', 'xx省8', '1', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('54', '0', 'xx省9', '1', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('55', '0', 'xx省10', '1', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('56', '0', 'xx省11', '1', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('57', '0', 'xx省12', '1', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('58', '0', 'xx省13', '1', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('59', '0', 'xx省14', '1', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('60', '0', 'xx省15', '1', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('61', '0', 'xx省16', '1', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('62', '0', 'xx省17', '1', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('63', '0', 'xx省18', '1', '0');
INSERT INTO `t_areainfo` VALUES ('64', '0', 'xx省19', '1', '0');

3、向下递归:

利用find_in_set()函数和group_concat()函数实现递归查询:

DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS queryChildrenAreaInfo;
CREATE FUNCTION queryChildrenAreaInfo(areaId INT)
RETURNS VARCHAR(4000)
BEGIN
DECLARE sTemp VARCHAR(4000);
DECLARE sTempChd VARCHAR(4000);

SET sTemp='$';
SET sTempChd = CAST(areaId AS CHAR);

WHILE sTempChd IS NOT NULL DO
SET sTemp= CONCAT(sTemp,',',sTempChd);
SELECT GROUP_CONCAT(id) INTO sTempChd FROM t_areainfo WHERE FIND_IN_SET(parentId,sTempChd)>0;
END WHILE;
RETURN sTemp;
END;

4、调用方式:

SELECT queryChildrenAreaInfo(1);

查询id为"4"下面的所有节点

SELECT * FROM t_areainfo WHERE FIND_IN_SET(id,queryChildrenAreaInfo(4));

5、向上递归:

DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS queryChildrenAreaInfo1;
CREATE FUNCTION queryChildrenAreaInfo1(areaId INT)
RETURNS VARCHAR(4000)
BEGIN
DECLARE sTemp VARCHAR(4000);
DECLARE sTempChd VARCHAR(4000);

SET sTemp='$';
SET sTempChd = CAST(areaId AS CHAR);
SET sTemp = CONCAT(sTemp,',',sTempChd);

SELECT parentId INTO sTempChd FROM t_areainfo WHERE id = sTempChd;
WHILE sTempChd <> 0 DO
SET sTemp = CONCAT(sTemp,',',sTempChd);
SELECT parentId INTO sTempChd FROM t_areainfo WHERE id = sTempChd;
END WHILE;
RETURN sTemp;
END;

6、调用方式:

查询id为"7"的节点的所有上级节点:

SELECT * from t_areainfo where FIND_IN_SET(id,queryChildrenAreaInfo1(7));

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MySQL中可以使用递归查询来处理一些具有层级结构的数据,例如树形结构、组织架构等。MySQL中提供了WITH RECURSIVE语句来实现递归查询,其语法如下: ``` WITH RECURSIVE cte_name (column_list) AS ( initial_query -- 初始查询语句 UNION ALL recursive_query -- 递归查询语句,必须包含一个引用cte_name的子查询 ) SELECT column_list FROM cte_name; -- 最终查询语句 ``` 其中,`cte_name`是递归查询的名称,`column_list`是查询返回的列名列表,`initial_query`是初始查询语句,`recursive_query`是递归查询语句,必须包含一个引用`cte_name`的子查询。 下面以一个员工表为例,演示一下如何使用递归查询来查询某个员工的所有下属: ``` CREATE TABLE employee ( id INT PRIMARY KEY, name VARCHAR(50), manager_id INT ); INSERT INTO employee VALUES (1, 'Tom', NULL), (2, 'Jerry', 1), (3, 'Mike', 2), (4, 'John', 3), (5, 'Mary', 2), (6, 'Karen', 5); ``` 假设我们要查询Tom的所有下属,可以使用以下递归查询语句: ``` WITH RECURSIVE subordinates AS ( SELECT id, name, manager_id FROM employee WHERE name = 'Tom' UNION ALL SELECT e.id, e.name, e.manager_id FROM employee e JOIN subordinates s ON e.manager_id = s.id ) SELECT * FROM subordinates; ``` 以上查询语句中,首先通过初始查询语句`SELECT id, name, manager_id FROM employee WHERE name = 'Tom'`找到Tom的信息,并将其作为递归查询的起点。然后,递归查询语句`SELECT e.id, e.name, e.manager_id FROM employee e JOIN subordinates s ON e.manager_id = s.id`会递归地查询出所有直接或间接下属的信息,并将其与之前查询出的结果合并。最终,我们通过`SELECT * FROM subordinates`语句查询出所有下属的信息。 以上就是MySQL中使用递归查询的方法,希望对你有所帮助。

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