离线部署k8s集群

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已于 2024-08-23 14:33:42 修改

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文章标签： kubernetes docker

于 2024-08-09 13:08:10 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/wjxapp/article/details/140801082

版权

一：部署前信息介绍

1：服务器信息

IP	HOSTNAME	CPU	MEM	DISK
192.168.109.100	master.k8s	1c	2G	50G
192.168.109.101	node01.k8s	2c	4G	100G
192.168.109.102	node02.k8s	2c	4G	100G:

2：离线安装所需要的部署包信息

Type	PackageName	DeployPosition
rpm	conntrack-tools-1.4.4-7.el7.x86_64.rpm	ALL
rpm	libnetfilter_cthelper-1.0.0-11.el7.x86_64.rpm	ALL
rpm	libnetfilter_cttimeout-1.0.0-7.el7.x86_64.rpm	ALL
rpm	libnetfilter_queue-1.0.2-2.el7_2.x86_64.rpm	ALL
rpm	cri-tools-1.19.0-0.x86_64.rpm	ALL
rpm	kubeadm-1.21.10-0.x86_64.rpm	ALL
rpm	kubectl-1.21.10-0.x86_64.rpm	ALL
rpm	kubelet-1.21.10-0.x86_64.rpm	ALL
rpm	kubernetes-cni-0.8.7-0.x86_64.rpm	ALL
image	k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.21.11	master
image	k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.21.11	master
image	k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.21.11	master
image	k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.4.13-0	master
image	k8s.gcr.io/coredns/coredns:v1.8.0	ALL
image	k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.4.1	ALL
image	k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.21.11	ALL
image	rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel:v0.17.0	ALL
image	rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel-cni-plugin:v1.0.1	ALL
docker	docker-20.10.9.tgz	ALL
file	kube-flannel.yml	master

二：准备工作

#root用户操作，所有节点都需要操作

1：host配置

## 1、配置hosts
cat >> /etc/hosts << EOF
192.168.109.100 master.k8s
192.168.109.101 node01.k8s
192.168.109.102 node02.k8s
EOF

2：关闭Swap分区

swapoff  -a
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab

3：禁用SELinux

sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config

4：关闭防火墙

systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld

5：br_netfilter模块加载

cat >> /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf << EOF
br_netfilter
EOF

6：内核参数修改

cat >> /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf << EOF
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF

sysctl --system

三：离线docker部署

#root用户操作，所有节点都需要操作

1：上传部署包，解压

tar -xf docker-20.10.9.tgz
cp docker/* /usr/bin/

2：配置systemd

cat > /etc/systemd/system/docker.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Docker Application Container Engine
Documentation=https://docs.docker.com
After=network-online.target firewalld.service
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Type=notify
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
LimitNOFILE=infinity
LimitNPROC=infinity
LimitCORE=infinity

TimeoutStartSec=0
Delegate=yes
KillMode=process

Restart=on-failure
StartLimitBurst=3
StartLimitInterval=60s
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

3：优化docker配置，指定cgroupdriver为systemd（kubernetes需要）

mkdir /etc/docker/
cat >/etc/docker/daemon.json<< EOF
{
  "data-root":"/app/docker/DataRoot",
  "log-driver":"json-file",
  "log-opts":{"max-size":"50m","max-file":"3"},
  "exec-opts":["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
  "registry-mirrors": [
      "https://hub.atomgit.com",
      "https://docker.itelyou.cf",
      "https://huecker.io"

  ]
}
EOF

4：配置开机启动

systemctl daemon-reload # 重载unit配置文件
systemctl start docker #启动Docker
systemctl enable docker.service # 设置开机自启

四：安装kubernetes

#root用户操作，所有节点都需要操作

1：安装依赖

yum install socat-1.7.3.2-2.el7.x86_64  #操作系统盘iso具备该包
rpm -ivh libnetfilter_cthelper-1.0.0-11.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libnetfilter_cttimeout-1.0.0-7.el7.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh libnetfilter_queue-1.0.2-2.el7_2.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh conntrack-tools-1.4.4-7.el7.x86_64.rpm

2：安装kubelet、kubeadm和kubectl

rpm -ivh kubelet-1.21.10-0.x86_64.rpm kubernetes-cni-0.8.7-0.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh kubectl-1.21.10-0.x86_64.rpm
rpm -ivh kubeadm-1.21.10-0.x86_64.rpm cri-tools-1.19.0-0.x86_64.rpm

3：Kubeadm 部署kubernetes集群

3.1：查看kubeadm init所需要的包

kubeadm config images list
#k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.21.14
#k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.21.14
#k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.21.14
#k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.21.14
#k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.4.1
#k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.4.13-0
#k8s.gcr.io/coredns/coredns:v1.8.0

3.2：master节点操作将提前下载的镜像包上传到服务器上，并镜像包load完成。

docker load -i kube-apiserver_v1.21.11.tar.gz 
docker load -i kube-controller-manager_v1.21.11.tar.gz 
docker load -i kube-scheduler_v1.21.11.tar.gz 
docker load -i kube-proxy_v1.21.11.tar.gz 
docker load -i pause_3.4.1.tar.gz 
docker load -i etcd_3.4.13-0.tar.gz 
docker load -i coredns_v1.8.0.tar.gz 
docker load -i flannel.tar.gz 
docker load -i flannel-cni-plugin.tar.gz

3.3：更改镜像标签

docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-apiserver:v1.21.11  k8s.gcr.io/kube-apiserver:v1.21.14
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-scheduler:v1.21.11  k8s.gcr.io/kube-scheduler:v1.21.14
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-controller-manager:v1.21.11  k8s.gcr.io/kube-controller-manager:v1.21.14
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.21.11  k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.21.14
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.4.1   k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.4.1
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/coredns:v1.8.0  k8s.gcr.io/coredns/coredns:v1.8.0
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/etcd:3.4.13-0  k8s.gcr.io/etcd:3.4.13-0

4：初始化集群

kubeadm init \
        --apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.109.100 \
        --kubernetes-version v1.21.14 \
        --service-cidr=10.1.0.0/16 \
        --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

注意此时的输出以下类似信息，这个需要记录，新节点加入时，需要用到

kubeadm join 192.168.86.170:6443 --token u8ij9v.l6dq4qbc7d4rj3a2 \
	--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:b4fc35eb96a6961555a97bd327e89fb0e6432e1df06ba0c040870a2585c05c58

报错1：[ERROR FileContent--proc-sys-net-bridge-bridge-nf-call-iptables]: /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables contents are not set to 1

解决方案

原因: /proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables 文件的内容并没有设置为 1

解决方案

echo "1" >/proc/sys/net/bridge/bridge-nf-call-iptables

报错2：The connection to the server localhost:8080 was refused - did you specify the right host or port?

解决方案

临时解决
cp /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/
chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/admin.conf
export KUBECONFIG=$HOME/admin.conf
正式解决
ll /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
echo "export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf" >> ~/.bash_profile
source ~/.bash_profile

报错3：查看pod状态，coredns为pending

解决方案

安装网络插件
下载插件
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
部署插件
kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml

再次查看pod状态
kubectl get pods -A

5：部署node节点，node节点所用到一下部署包，load 和改tag通master节点一样

PackageName	Tag
k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy	v1.21.14
k8s.gcr.io/pause:	3.4.1
rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel	v0.17.0
rancher/mirrored-flannelcni-flannel-cni-plugin	v1.0.1

5.1：load部署包

docker load -i kube-proxy_v1.21.11.tar.gz 
docker load -i pause_3.4.1.tar.gz 
docker load -i flannel.tar.gz 
docker load -i flannel-cni-plugin.tar.gz

5.2：更改tag

docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/kube-proxy:v1.21.11  k8s.gcr.io/kube-proxy:v1.21.14
docker tag registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause:3.4.1   k8s.gcr.io/pause:3.4.1

5.3：部署node节点

kubeadm join 192.168.86.170:6443 --token so6k49.p7es8ynez1jxslre \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:b4e630a31f3cf813dad4d9ab1bfa0bae67cada7afefff10b94f2cf4b799aa5fd

5.4：查看node节点

kubectl get node

五：部署dashboard

1：执行命令部署dashboard

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.6.0/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

2：查看部署状态

kubectl get pod -n kubernetes-dashboard

3：查看状态信息

kubectl get pods --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard -o wide

4：改为NodePort访问，默认是API Server，比较麻烦，改为NodePort可以直接用虚拟机的IP地址访问

kubectl --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard get service kubernetes-dashboard

可以看到当前的TYPE是ClusterIP

NAME                   TYPE        CLUSTER-IP       EXTERNAL-IP   PORT(S)   AGE
kubernetes-dashboard   ClusterIP   10.101.250.179   <none>        443/TCP   12m

5：编辑配置，将其中的ClusterIP改为NodePort访问形式，执行一下命令编辑。

kubectl --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard edit service kubernetes-dashboard

找到一下代码，将类型改为NodePort

  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  sessionAffinity: None
  type: NodePort         #改成nodeport访问形式

6：查看状态，已经变成了NodePort

kubectl --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard get service kubernetes-dashboard

7：可以看到访问形式已经改成nodeport方式，端口为31454了可以通过访问https://192.168.109.100:31454进行登录，在登入之前需要配置用户和角色。

7.1：配置用户，执行一下命令创建admin-user.yaml

cat >> admin-user.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
EOF

7.2：创建用户配置

kubectl create -f admin-user.yaml

7.3：创建角色绑定配置 role-binding.yaml

cat >> role-binding.yaml << EOF
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: admin-user
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
EOF

7.4：创建用户绑定

kubectl create -f role-binding.yam

7.5：查看token

kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard describe secret $(kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret | grep admin-user | awk '{print $1}')

7.6：访问https://192.168.109.100:31454登入dashboard

将token复制下来，在页面中选择token并填入(注意复制时是否会多空字符或者少字符)

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