python基础练习笔记

# !/user/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
__author__ = 'wangjingyao'

# print 'hello world!','wjy','haha'
# print '100+200=',100+200

# name = raw_input('please enter your name:')

# print 'my name is ',name

# print 'I\'m learning\nPython'

# print r'\\\t\\'

# print ''' line1
# line2
# line3'''

# print 'wjy'
# print ord('a')
# print chr(65)
# print u'中文'
# print u'ABC'.encode('utf-8')
# print u'中文'.encode('utf-8')
# print len(u'abc')
# print 'abc'.decode('utf-8')

# print 'Hello, %s' % 'wjy'
# print 'HI,%s,you hava $%d'%('wjy',1000000000000000)
# print '%d-%03d'%(3,2)
# print '%.2f'%3.1415926
# print 'gorwth rate:%d%%'%7

# classmates= ['wjy','lyb','Tracy']
# print classmates
# print len(classmates)
# print classmates[0]
# print classmates[-1]
# classmates.append('Adam')
# print classmates
# classmates.insert(1,'Jack')
# print classmates
# classmates.pop()
# print classmates
# classmates.pop(1)
# print classmates
# classmates[1]='love'
# print classmates

# classtuple = ('wjy','love','lyb')
# print classtuple
# t=(1,)
# print t

# age=3
# if age>18:
#     print 'adult'
# elif age>=6:
#     print 'teenager'
# else:
#     print 'kid'

# names=['wjy','love','lyb']
# for name in names:
#     print name

# print range(5)

# birth=int(raw_input('birth:'))
# print birth<90

# d={'wjy':25,'love':2,'lyb':25}
# print d['wjy']
# d['wjy']=24
# print d['wjy']
# d['gg']='noLove'
# print d['gg']
# print 'gg' in d
# print d.get('who',-1)
# d.pop('gg')
# print d

# s=set([1,23,23,3,4,4,4])
# print s
# s.add(45)
# print s
# s.remove(45)
# print s

# s1=set([1,2,3,4])
# s2=set([2,3,4,5])
# print s1&s2

# s3=set([[1,2,3],2,34,5]) #error
# print s3

# tt=([2,3,4,5],34,45)
# print tt

# help(abs)

# print abs(-334)
# print cmp(1,3)
# print  str('123')
# print unichr(100)

# def my_abs(x):
#     if x>=0:
#         return x
#     else:
#         return -x
# print my_abs(-4)

# def nop():
#     pass

# def my_abs(x):
#     if not isinstance(x,(int,float)):
#         raise TypeError('bad poerand type')
#     if x>=0:
#         return x
#     else:
#         return -x
# my_abs('2')

# import  math
# def move(x,y,step,angle=0):
#     nx=x+step*math.cos(angle)
#     ny=y-step*math.sin(angle)
#     return nx,ny
# x,y=move(100,100,60,math.pi/6)
# print x,y
# r=move(100,100,60,math.pi/6)
# print r#返回值其实是一个tuple 语法上 返回一个tuple可以省略括号 而多个变量可以同时接受一个tuple 按位置付给对应的值
# 全局变量和局部变量

# num=100# def func():

#     global num

#     num=123

#     print num

# func()

# print 'global:',num

# 默认参数# def power(x,n=2):

#     s=1;

#     while n>0:

#         n=n-1

#         s=s*x

#     return  s

# print power(2)

# Python函数在定义的时候，默认参数L的值就被计算出来了，即[]，

# 因为默认参数L也是一个变量，它指向对象[]，每次调用该函数，如果改变了L的内容，

# 则下次调用时，默认参数的内容就变了，不再是函数定义时的[]了。

# def add_end(L=[]):

#     L.append('END')

#     return  L

# print add_end()

# print add_end()

# 修改# def add_end(L=None):

#     if L is None:

#         L=[]

#     L.append('END')

#     return  L

# print add_end()

# print add_end()

# 可变参数

# def calc(*numbers):

#     sum=0

#     for n in numbers:

#         sum=sum+n*n

#     return sum

# print calc(1,2,3)

# print calc(*[1,2,3])

# 关键字参数# 可变参数允许你传入0个或任意个参数，这些可变参数在函数调用时自动组装为一个tuple。

# 而关键字参数允许你传入0个或任意个含参数名的参数，这些关键字参数在函数内部自动组装为一个dict

# def person(name,age,**kw):

#     print 'name:',name,'age:',age,'other:',kw

# # person('Michael',30)

# # person('Bob',35,city='BeiJing')

# kw={'city':'Beijing','job':'Engineer'}

# person('Jack',32,**kw)

# 对于任意函数，都可以通过类似func(*args, **kw)的形式调用它，无论它的参数是如何定义的。

# def func(a, b, c=0, *args, **kw):

#     print 'a =', a, 'b =', b, 'c =', c, 'args =', args, 'kw =', kw

# args=(1,2,3,4)

# kw={'x':99}# func(*args,**kw)

# func(1,2,3,4,**kw)

# 切片# L=['Michael', 'Sarah', 'Tracy', 'Bob', 'Jack']

# print L[0:3]

# print L[:3]

# print L[-2:]

# L=range(100)

# print L[::5] 

 #每5个取一个

# print L[:]  #原样复制

#迭代
d = {'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3}
# for key in d:
#     print key
# for value in d.itervalues():
#     print value
# for k,v in d.iteritems():
#     print k,v

# 判断一个对象是可迭代对象 通过collections模块的iterable
# from collections import Iterable
# print isinstance('abc',Iterable)
# python数组下标循环
# for i,value in enumerate(['a','b','c']):
#     print i,value
# for x,y in [(1,2),(3,4),(5,6)]:
#     print x,y

# 列表生成式
# print [x*x for x in range(1,11)]
# print [x*x for x in range(1,11) if x%2==0]
# print [m + n for m in 'ABC' for n in 'XYZ']

#运用列表生成式，可以写出非常简洁的代码。
# 例如，列出当前目录下的所有文件和目录名，可以通过一行代码实现：
# import os
# print [d for d in os.listdir('.')]