Linked List Cycle II

Given a linked list, return the node where the cycle begins. If there is no cycle, return null.

Follow up:
Can you solve it without using extra space?

题意:在Linked List Cycle 基础上增加了难度,要求求出有环时的起始环节点

自己想了一阵,没有想出来,查看了几个别人的结题报告还是没能理解,最后看到了一篇,倒是清晰了不少:

参照他的图,想了想:Soa + Xp*L = Sp,Soa + Xq * L = Sq,Sq = 2 * Sp

==》Sp = Soa + Xp * L = (Xq - Xp)*L==》Soa = (Xq - 2*Xp)*L

即起始点到第一次相遇点距离Soa为环周长的倍数,所以,第一次相遇后,指针中的一个回到起始点,另一个不动,则可以经过一周长X*L后必定相遇,但其实在循环点到A的这段上是重合的,所以他们这次一定会首先在循环点相遇。

http://blog.csdn.net/starcuan/article/details/18518365

算法思想:

一指针以速度1向后遍历,一指针以速度2向后遍历,若相遇说明有回路,然后一指针从相遇点开始向后速度为1,一指针跳到头指针,以速度为1向后遍历,到相遇时即为循环开始点。

证明:如图所示,设p、q从O点出发p以速度1向后走,q以速度2向后走,因为存在环,所以毕定p与q会相遇,设相遇点为A,此时q走的总共距离Sq为p走的距离Sp的两倍,从图中可以看出,Sq-Sp表示的是q比p以A点为起点绕环走多绕的环的长度,是环长度的整数倍。也就是说,p从起点O走到A(中间有可能绕环走n圈)是环长度的整数倍。那么当p从头开始以速度1走,q从A以速度1走,那么当p走到A时,q必然走到A,因为速度一致,所以当它们第一次遇见时,即是循环的开始点。


[cpp]  view plain copy 在CODE上查看代码片 派生到我的代码片
  1. /** 
  2.  * Definition for singly-linked list. 
  3.  * struct ListNode { 
  4.  *     int val; 
  5.  *     ListNode *next; 
  6.  *     ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {} 
  7.  * }; 
  8.  */  
  9. class Solution {  
  10. public:  
  11.    ListNode *detectCycle(ListNode *head){  
  12.         ListNode *p=head;  
  13.         ListNode *q=head;  
  14.         do{  
  15.             if(p==NULL||q==NULL)return NULL;  
  16.             p=p->next;  
  17.             q=q->next;  
  18.             if(q==NULL)return NULL;  
  19.             q=q->next;  
  20.         }while(p!=q);  
  21.         p=head;  
  22.         while(p!=q){  
  23.             p=p->next;  
  24.             q=q->next;  
  25.         }  
  26.         return p;  
  27.     }  
  28. };  

这里还有一个很好理解的方法,虽然由于破坏了整条链表而造成答案不正确,但是此一时彼一时嘛,在可以破坏链表的条件下,此方法更优

思想:每次走过一个节点时,将此节点的next指针指向自己,(为什么不指向NULL?因为如果没有环就无法判断了),一直向后走,如果带环,当遇到下一节点指向的就是自己本身时,即为循环开始点。

[cpp]  view plain copy 在CODE上查看代码片 派生到我的代码片
  1. class Solution{  
  2. public:  
  3.       
  4.     ListNode *detectCycle(ListNode *head){  
  5.         //if(head==NULL)return NULL;  
  6.         ListNode *p=head;  
  7.         while(p!=NULL){  
  8.             ListNode *t=p->next;  
  9.             if(p->next==p)return p;  
  10.             p->next=p;  
  11.             p=t;  
  12.         }  
  13.         return NULL;  
  14.     }  
  15. };  

最后,虽然借助了别人的图和思路,也贴份自己的代码吧!委屈

ListNode *detectCycle(ListNode *head) {
	    ListNode *p1 = head;
	    ListNode *p2 = head;
		
		if(head == null) return null;
		
		while(p1 != null || p1->next != null)
		{
			p1 = p1->next->next;
			p2 = p2->next;
			if(p1 == p2) break;
		}
		
		if(p1 == null || p1->next == null)//若没有环 
			return null;
		
		p2 = head;
		while(p1 != p2)
		{
			p1 = p1->next;
			p2 = p2->next;
		}
		return p1;
}




1. Two Sum 2. Add Two Numbers 3. Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters 4. Median of Two Sorted Arrays 5. Longest Palindromic Substring 6. ZigZag Conversion 7. Reverse Integer 8. String to Integer (atoi) 9. Palindrome Number 10. Regular Expression Matching 11. Container With Most Water 12. Integer to Roman 13. Roman to Integer 14. Longest Common Prefix 15. 3Sum 16. 3Sum Closest 17. Letter Combinations of a Phone Number 18. 4Sum 19. Remove Nth Node From End of List 20. Valid Parentheses 21. Merge Two Sorted Lists 22. Generate Parentheses 23. Swap Nodes in Pairs 24. Reverse Nodes in k-Group 25. Remove Duplicates from Sorted Array 26. Remove Element 27. Implement strStr() 28. Divide Two Integers 29. Substring with Concatenation of All Words 30. Next Permutation 31. Longest Valid Parentheses 32. Search in Rotated Sorted Array 33. Search for a Range 34. Find First and Last Position of Element in Sorted Array 35. Valid Sudoku 36. Sudoku Solver 37. Count and Say 38. Combination Sum 39. Combination Sum II 40. First Missing Positive 41. Trapping Rain Water 42. Jump Game 43. Merge Intervals 44. Insert Interval 45. Unique Paths 46. Minimum Path Sum 47. Climbing Stairs 48. Permutations 49. Permutations II 50. Rotate Image 51. Group Anagrams 52. Pow(x, n) 53. Maximum Subarray 54. Spiral Matrix 55. Jump Game II 56. Merge k Sorted Lists 57. Insertion Sort List 58. Sort List 59. Largest Rectangle in Histogram 60. Valid Number 61. Word Search 62. Minimum Window Substring 63. Unique Binary Search Trees 64. Unique Binary Search Trees II 65. Interleaving String 66. Maximum Product Subarray 67. Binary Tree Inorder Traversal 68. Binary Tree Preorder Traversal 69. Binary Tree Postorder Traversal 70. Flatten Binary Tree to Linked List 71. Construct Binary Tree from Preorder and Inorder Traversal 72. Construct Binary Tree from Inorder and Postorder Traversal 73. Binary Tree Level Order Traversal 74. Binary Tree Zigzag Level Order Traversal 75. Convert Sorted Array to Binary Search Tree 76. Convert Sorted List to Binary Search Tree 77. Recover Binary Search Tree 78. Sum Root to Leaf Numbers 79. Path Sum 80. Path Sum II 81. Binary Tree Maximum Path Sum 82. Populating Next Right Pointers in Each Node 83. Populating Next Right Pointers in Each Node II 84. Reverse Linked List 85. Reverse Linked List II 86. Partition List 87. Rotate List 88. Remove Duplicates from Sorted List 89. Remove Duplicates from Sorted List II 90. Intersection of Two Linked Lists 91. Linked List Cycle 92. Linked List Cycle II 93. Reorder List 94. Binary Tree Upside Down 95. Binary Tree Right Side View 96. Palindrome Linked List 97. Convert Binary Search Tree to Sorted Doubly Linked List 98. Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Tree 99. Lowest Common Ancestor of a Binary Search Tree 100. Binary Tree Level Order Traversal II
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