如何管理hibernate的session

      今天有一个映射问题引出了我对hibernate如何管理session的疑问！！一对多的映射关系，如果关闭session，多的一方就可以成功的查询出一的一方，但是如果我手动关闭session就会出现：org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException: could not initialize proxy - no Session这样的问题！！这个问题产生的原因是由于session的不正当关闭造成的，引发了我对hibernate session管理的疑问，在网上找了一篇管理hibernate session的文章！！和大家分享！！

      下面是Hibernate官方提供的一个ThreadLocal工具：

mport net.sf.hibernate.*; import net.sf.hibernate.cfg.*; import org.apache.log4j.Logger; /** * <p>Title: </p> * * <p>Description: Session的管理类</p> * * <p>Copyright: Copyright (c) 2005</p> * * <p>Company: </p> * * @author George Hill * @version 1.0 */ public class HibernateUtil { private static final Logger log = Logger.getLogger(HibernateUtil.class); private static final SessionFactory sessionFactory; /** * 初始化Hibernate配置 */ static { try { // Create the SessionFactory sessionFactory = new Configuration().configure().buildSessionFactory(); } catch (Throwable ex) { log.error("Initial SessionFactory creation failed.", ex); throw new ExceptionInInitializerError(ex); } } public static final ThreadLocal session = new ThreadLocal(); /** * 根据当前线程获取相应的Session * @return Session * @throws HibernateException */ public static Session currentSession() throws HibernateException { Session s = (Session) session.get(); // Open a new Session, if this Thread has none yet if (s == null) { s = sessionFactory.openSession(); session.set(s); } return s; } /** * 返回Session给相应的线程 * @throws HibernateException */ public static void closeSession() throws HibernateException { Session s = (Session) session.get(); session.set(null); if (s != null) s.close(); } }  

针对WEB程序，还可以利用Servlet2.3的Filter机制，轻松实现线程生命周期内的Session管理。下面是一个通过Filter进行Session管理的典型案例：

public class PersistenceFilter implements Filter { protected static ThreadLocal hibernateHolder = new ThreadLocal(); public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException { hibernateHolder.set(getSession()); try { chain.doFilter(request, response); } finally { Session session = (Session) hibernateHolder.get(); if (session != null) { hibernateHolder.set(null); try { session.close(); } catch (HibernateException ex) { throw new ServletException(ex); } } } } }