常用字符串函数
/******************************************************************************* 一.NSString
*******************************************************************************/
/*----------------创建字符串的方法----------------*/ //1、创建常量字符串。
NSString *astring = @“Welcome to 1000phone";
//2、通过实例化方法 initWithString:实例化一个字符串对象
NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithString:@" I love iOS!"]; NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring); [astring release];
//3、用标准c创建字符串: initWithCString:encoding:方法
const char *cString = "I love iphone";
NSString * aString = [[NSString alloc]initWithCString:cString encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding]; NSLog(@"astring:%@",aString); [aString release];
或者:用 initWithUTF8String:实例化一个字符串对象 const char *p = " Welcome to Beijing!"; NSString *string = [[NSString alloc]initWithUTF8String:p];
//4、创建格式化字符串:占位符(由一个%加一个字符组成)
int age = 23; NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithFormat:@”I am %d”,age]]; NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring); [astring release];
//5、通过静态方法创建字符串对象
NSString * str1 = [NSString stringWithString:@"I love programming!"]; NSString * str2 = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:" I love programming!"]; NSString * str3 = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@",@" I love programming!"];
//6. 从文件读取字符串:initWithContentsOfFile:
NSString *path = @" /Users/qianfeng/Desktop/StringAPI.pdf"; //文件路径 NSString *astring = [[NSString alloc] initWithContentsOfFile:path]; NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring); [astring release];
/*----------------比较两个字符串----------------*/ //用 C 比较:strcmp 函数
char string1[] = "string!"; char string2[] = "string!"; if(strcmp(string1, string2) = = 0) {
NSLog(@"1"); }
//1. isEqualToString 方法 判断两个字符串是否相等 相等返回 1 不等返回 0
NSString *astring01 = @"This is a String!"; NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!"; BOOL result = [astring01 isEqualToString:astring02]; NSLog(@"result:%d",result);
//2. compare 方法(compare:返回的三种值 分别是-1,0,1)
//NSOrderedSame 判断两者内容是否相同 NSString *astring01 = @"This is a String!"; NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!"; BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedSame;//0 NSLog(@"result:%d",result);
//NSOrderedAscending 判断两对象值的大小(按字母顺序进行比较,astring01 小于 astring02 为真) NSString *astring01 = @"This is a String!"; NSString *astring02 = @"this is a String!";
BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedAscending; NSLog(@"result:%d",result); // //NSOrderedDescending 判断两对象值的大小(按字母顺序进行比较,astring01 大于 astring02 为真)
NSString *astring01 = @"this is a String!"; NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!"; BOOL result = [astring01 compare:astring02] = = NSOrderedDescending; NSLog(@"result:%d",result);
//3. 不考虑大小写比较字符串
NSString *astring01 = @"this is a String!"; NSString *astring02 = @"This is a String!"; BOOL result = [astring01 caseInsensitiveCompare:astring02] = = NSOrderedSame; NSLog(@"result:%d",result); enum _NSComparisonResult { NSOrderedAscending = -1, // astring01 小于 astring02 NSOrderedSame, astring01 等于 astring02 NSOrderedDescending astring01 大于 astring02 };
/*----------------改变字符串的大小写----------------*/ NSString *string1 = @"A String";
NSString *string2 = @"String";
//1. uppercaseString 小写转大写 string1 指向的对象内容不会发生改变 (会产生一个新的字符串对象,string 指向这个新的对象) NSString *string = [string1 uppercaseString]; NSLog(@"string:%@",string);
//2. lowercaseString 大写转小写 string = [string1 lowercaseString]; NSLog(@"string:%@",string);
//3. capitalizedString 单词首字母大写 其余小写,其他字符保持不变 NSLog(@"string:%@",string);//首字母大小
/*----------------搜索子串----------------*/
NSString *string1 = @"I love iOS very much!"; NSString *string2 = @"iOS";
loc length NSRange range = [string1 rangeOfString:string2]; //NSRange 代表一个范围:子 串 string2 在长串 string1 中的范围(位置和长度) NSUInteger location=range.location; NSUInteger length= range.length; NSString *astring = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Location:%lu,Leight:%lu",location, length]; NSLog(@"astring:%@",astring); [astring release];
/*----------------抽取子串 ----------------*/ //1. -substringToIndex: 从字符串的开头一直截取到指定的位置,但不包括该位
置的字符
NSString *string1 = @"This is a string"; NSString *string2 = [string1 substringToIndex:3]; NSLog(@"string2:%@",string2);
//2. -substringFromIndex: 从指定位置开始(包括指定位置的字符)提取,并包 括之后的全部字符 直到最后;
NSString *string1 = @"This is a string"; NSString *string2 = [string1 substringFromIndex:3]; NSLog(@"string2:%@",string2);
//3. -substringWithRange: //在指定范围内从字符串中截取子串
NSString *string1 = @"This is a string"; NSString *string2 = [string1 substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(0, 4)]; NSLog(@"string2:%@",string2);
/*------------判断字符串内是否还包含别的字符串(前缀,后缀)------------*/ //01:检查字符串是否以另一个字符串开头- (BOOL) hasPrefix: (NSString *)
aString; (判断前缀)
NSString *String1 = @"NSStringInformation.txt"; [String1 hasPrefix:@"NSString"] = = 1 ? NSLog(@"YES") : NSLog(@"NO"); //02:检查字符串是否以另一个字符串结尾- (BOOL) hasSuffix: (NSString *) aString; (判断后缀) [String1 hasSuffix:@".txt"] = = 1 ? NSLog(@"YES") : NSLog(@"NO");
/******************************************************************************
二.NSMutableString *******************************************************************************/
/*---------------给字符串分配预设空间大小----------------*/ //stringWithCapacity:
NSMutableString *string; string = [NSMutableString stringWithCapacity:20];//预设一个 20 字节的字符串 空间 string.string = @”Welcome to qianfeng”;
/*---------------增加字符串----------------*/ //1. appendString: appendFormat: 追加,在后面追加字符串
NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"];
//[String1 appendString:@", I will be adding some characters"]; [String1 appendFormat:[NSString stringWithFormat:@", I will be adding some characters"]]; NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);
//2. -insertString: atIndex: 在指定位置插入字符串
NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"]; [String1 insertString:@"Hi! " atIndex:0]; NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);
/*--------在已有字符串中按照所给出范围和长度删除字符------*/
//deleteCharactersInRange: 在指定范围内删除字符串 NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a
NSMutableString"]; [String1 deleteCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(0, 5)]; NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);
/*--------修改字符串------*/ //-setString: 修改字符串
NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"]; [String1 setString:@"Hello Word!"]; NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);
/*--------在指定范围内,替换的原有的字符------*/ // replaceCharactersInRange: withString: 替换
NSMutableString *String1 = [[NSMutableString alloc] initWithString:@"This is a NSMutableString"]; [String1 replaceCharactersInRange:NSMakeRange(0, 4) withString:@"That"]; NSLog(@"String1:%@",String1);