测试常用Linux命令

常用linux命令

1、一级常用

ls,ll,cd,pwd,mv,cp,rm,useradd,userdel,vi,tail,grep,cat,mkdir,tar,zip,unzip

ls -l  列出文件的所有信息

ls -t  按时间排序

ls -rt 按时间倒序

ls -a  列出所有文件（包括隐藏的）

ll : ll = ‘ls -l ’

cd 不带目录名，进入该账户的家目录；带目录，则进入对应的目录

cd ..  进入上一级目录

pwd 查询当前所处的目录

mv 重命名或换路径

cp 复制

rm 删除

rm -rt 删除文件夹不用确认

useradd(groupadd)

userdel(groupdel) -r 　删除用户登入目录以及目录中所有文件

vi 编辑

Shift G 到文件最后

:q!     不保存强制退出

:wq!    保存且强制退出

?test   从当前行往前开始搜索test，n 下一个；N 上一个

/test   从当前行往后开始搜索test，n 下一个；N 上一个

tail 显示文件结尾

tail -f **.log  |grep pr_page

cat显示

mkdir 建目录

tar -vcf aa.tar aa

tar -vxf aa.tar aa

tar -zvcf aa.tar.gz aa

tar -zvxf aa.tar.gz aa

zip -r aa.zip aa

unzip aa.zip

2、二级常用

yast,ps,kill,top,find,chmod,chown

ps 查看进程

ps -ef 查看全格式的全部进程

ps -ef|grep <进程名> 查看并筛选 跟进程名有关的进程，该进程名可以是进程的全部或者部分

kill -9 进程号   很强大的强制杀死进程

top 监视进程和Linux整体性能

find 查找

按文件名查找 find ./ -name zxy*

搜索内容包含 find .|xargs grep -ri "mysqld" -l

chmod 修改权限

chown 修改属组

3、三级常用

whoami,ifconfig,date,tcpdump,ping,df,du,mount

whoami 查看当前登录的有效用户

ifconfig 查看网络配置，网卡IP什么的

date 查看系统时间

date -s 修改系统时间

tcpdump 数据采集，抓包用的

ping 判断网络是否联通

df 检查文件系统的磁盘空间占用情况

du 统计目录（或文件）所占磁盘空间的大小

du -sh 总的

mount 挂上文件系统

umount 取消挂上文件系统

Linux 常用命令

• pwd: print work directory 打印当前目录 显示出当前工作目录的绝对路径
   
• ps: process status(进程状态，类似于windows的任务管理器)  常用参数：－auxf  ：ps -auxf 显示进程状态
   
• df: disk free 其功能是显示磁盘可用空间数目信息及空间结点信息。换句话说，就是报告在任何安装的设备或目录中，还剩多少自由的空间。
   
• du: Disk usage
   
• rpm：即RedHat Package Management，是RedHat的发明之一
   
• rmdir：Remove Directory（删除目录）
   
• rm：Remove（删除目录或文件）
   
• cat: concatenate 连锁
   
• cat file1file2>>file3 把文件1和文件2的内容联合起来放到file3中
   
• insmod: install module,载入模块
   
• ln -s : link -soft 创建一个软链接，相当于创建一个快捷方式
   
• mkdir：Make Directory(创建目录)
   
• touch: touch
   
• man: Manual
   
• su：Swith user(切换用户)
   
• cd：Change directory
   
• ls：List files
   
• ps：Process Status
   
• mkdir：Make directory
   
• rmdir：Remove directory
   
• mkfs: Make file system
   
• fsck：File system check
   
• uname: Unix name
   
• lsmod: List modules
   
• mv: Move file
   
• rm: Remove file
   
• cp: Copy file
   
• ln: Link files
   
• fg: Foreground
   
• bg: Background
   
• chown: Change owner
   
• chgrp: Change group
   
• chmod: Change mode
   
• umount: Unmount
   
• dd: 本来应根据其功能描述"Convert an copy"命名为"cc"，但"cc"已经被用以代表"CComplier"，所以命名为"dd"
   
• tar：Tape archive （磁带档案）
   
• ldd：List dynamic dependencies
   
• insmod：Install module
   
• rmmod：Remove module
   
• lsmod：List module
   
• 文件结尾的"rc"（如.bashrc、.xinitrc等）：Resource configuration
   
• Knnxxx /Snnxxx（位于rcx.d目录下）：K（Kill）；S(Service)；nn（执行顺序号）；xxx（服务标识）
   
• .a（扩展名a）：Archive，static library
   
• .so（扩展名so）：Shared object，dynamically linked library
   
• .o（扩展名o）：Object file，complied result of C/C++ source file
   
• RPM：Red hat package manager
   
• dpkg：Debian package manager
   
• apt：Advanced package tool（Debian或基于Debian的发行版中提供）
   

其他 Linux 命令缩写

• bin = Binaries (二进制文件)
   
• /dev = Devices (设备)
   
• /etc = Etcetera (等等)
   
• /lib = LIBrary
   
• /proc = Processes
   
• /sbin = Superuser Binaries (超级用户的二进制文件)
   
• /tmp = Temporary (临时)
   
• /usr = Unix Shared Resources
   
• /var = Variable (变量)
   
• FIFO = First In, First Out
   
• GRUB = GRand Unified Bootloader
   
• IFS= Internal Field Seperators
   
• LILO = LInux LOader
   
• MySQL = My 是最初作者女儿的名字，
   
• SQL = Structured QueryLanguage
   
• PHP = Personal Home Page Tools = PHP HypertextPreprocessor
   
• PS = Prompt String
   
• Perl = “Pratical Extraction and Report Language”(实际的抽取和报告语言) =”Pathologically Eclectic Rubbish Lister”
   
• Python 得名于电视剧Monty Python&rsquo;s Flying Circus
   
• Tcl = Tool Command Language
   
• Tk = ToolKit
   
• VT = Video Terminal
   
• YaST = Yet Another Setup Tool
   
• apache = “a patchy” server
   
• apt = Advanced Packaging Tool
   
• ar = archiver
   
• as = assembler
   
• awk = “Aho Weiberger and Kernighan”三个作者的姓的第一个字母
   
• bash = Bourne Again SHell
   
• bc = Basic (Better) Calculator
   
• bg = BackGround
   
• biff = 作者HeidiStettner在U.C.Berkely养的一条狗,喜欢对邮递员汪汪叫。
   
• cal = Calendar (日历)
   
• cat = Catenate (链接)
   
• cd = Change Directory
   
• chgrp = Change Group
   
• chmod = Change Mode
   
• chown = Change Owner
   
• chsh = Change Shell
   
• cmp = compare
   
• cobra = Common Object Request BrokerArchitecture
   
• comm = common
   
• cp = Copy
   
• cpio = CoPy In and Out
   
• cpp = C Pre Processor
   
• cron = Chronos 希腊文时间
   
• cups = Common Unix Printing System
   
• cvs = Current Version System
   
• daemon = Disk And Execution MONitor
   
• dc = Desk Calculator
   
• dd = Disk Dump (磁盘转储)
   
• df = Disk Free
   
• diff = Difference
   
• dmesg = diagnostic message
   
• du = Disk Usage
   
• ed = editor
   
• egrep = Extended GREP
   
• elf = Extensible Linking Format
   
• elm = ELectronic Mail
   
• emacs = Editor MACroS
   
• eval = EVALuate
   
• ex = EXtended
   
• exec = EXECute (执行)
   
• fd = file descriptors
   
• fg = ForeGround
   
• fgrep = Fixed GREP
   
• fmt = format
   
• fsck = File System ChecK
   
• fstab = FileSystem TABle
   
• fvwm = F*** Virtual Window Manager
   
• gawk = GNU AWK
   
• gpg = GNU Privacy Guard
   
• groff = GNU troff
   
• hal = Hardware Abstraction Layer
   
• joe = Joe&rsquo;s Own Editor
   
• ksh = Korn SHell
   
• lame = Lame Ain&rsquo;t an MP3 Encoder
   
• lex = LEXical analyser
   
• lisp = LISt Processing = Lots of IrritatingSuperfluous Parentheses
   
• ln = Link
   
• lpr = Line PRint
   
• ls = list
   
• lsof = LiSt Open Files
   
• m4 = Macro processor Version 4
   
• man = MANual pages
   
• mawk = Mike Brennan&rsquo;s AWK
   
• mc = Midnight Commander
   
• mkfs = MaKe FileSystem
   
• mknod = Make Node
   
• motd = Message of The Day
   
• mozilla = MOsaic GodZILLa
   
• mtab = Mount TABle
   
• mv = Move
   
• nano = Nano&rsquo;s ANOther editor
   
• nawk = New AWK
   
• nl = Number of Lines
   
• nm = names
   
• nohup = No HangUP
   
• nroff = New ROFF
   
• od = Octal Dump
   
• passwd = Passwd
   
• pg = pager
   
• pico = PIne&rsquo;s message COmposition editor
   
• pine = “Program for Internet News &Email” = “Pine is not Elm”
   
• ping = 拟声 又 = Packet Internet Grouper
   
• pirntcap = PRINTer CAPability
   
• popd = POP Directory
   
• pr = pre
   
• printf = Print Formatted
   
• ps = Processes Status
   
• pty = pseudo tty
   
• pushd = PUSH Directory
   
• pwd = Print Working Directory
   
• rc = runcom = run command, rc还是plan9的shell
   
• rev = REVerse
   
• rm = ReMove
   
• rn = Read News
   
• roff = RunOFF
   
• rpm = RPM Package Manager = RedHat PackageManager
   
• rsh, rlogin, rvim中的
   
• r = Remote
   
• rxvt = ouR XVT
   
• seamoneky = 我
   
• sed = Stream Editor
   
• seq = SEQuence
   
• shar = Shell ARchive
   
• slrn = S-Lang rn
   
• ssh = Secure Shell
   
• ssl = Secure Sockets Layer
   
• stty = Set TTY
   
• su = Substitute User
   
• svn = SubVersion
   
• tar = Tape ARchive
   
• tcsh = TENEX C shell
   
• tee = T (T形水管接口)
   
• telnet = TEminaL over Network
   
• termcap = terminal capability
   
• terminfo = terminal information
   
• tex = &tau;έ&chi;&nu;&eta;的缩写，希腊文art
   
• tr = traslate
   
• troff = Typesetter new ROFF
   
• tsort = Topological SORT
   
• tty = TeleTypewriter
   
• twm = Tom&rsquo;s Window Manager
   
• tz = TimeZone
   
• udev = Userspace DEV
   
• ulimit = User&rsquo;s LIMIT
   
• umask = User&rsquo;s MASK
   
• uniq = UNIQue
   
• i = VIsual = Very Inconvenient
   
• vim = Vi IMproved
   
• wall = write all
   
• wc = Word Count
   
• wine = WINE Is Not an Emulator
   
• xargs = eXtended ARGuments
   
• xdm = X Display Manager
   
• xlfd = X Logical Font Description
   
• xmms = X Multimedia System
   
• xrdb = X Resources DataBase
   
• xwd = X Window Dump
   
• yacc = yet another compiler compiler
   
• Fish = the Friendly Interactive SHell
   
• su = Switch User
   
• MIME = Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
   
• ECMA = European Computer ManufacturersAssociation

 愿意同Joker一起探索测试之路，可以关注公众号交流。