SSLHandshakeException: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-26 18:29:01 发布

wl8685

最新推荐文章于 2024-07-26 18:29:01 发布

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分类专栏： SSL 文章标签： ssl

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/wl8685/article/details/133361209

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一、背景

一个项目在2023年5月份更新了Nginx 的SSL证书后，在浏览器中直接访问系统正常，而自己的另一个项目和其他第三方系统在通过接口地址调用时，返回错误信息：

javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed: 
sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
        at sun.security.ssl.Alerts.getSSLException(Alerts.java:192)
        at sun.security.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.fatal(SSLSocketImpl.java:1946)

触发此错误信息的调用方环境都是JAVA开发环境。

二、原因

2.1 可能和DigiCert在2023年颁布的SSL中间证书更新有关：

[服务公告更新]DigiCert将于2023年3月迁移到第二代(G2)根和ICA层次结构
https://www.gworg.com/industry-news/1509.html

【重要】DigiCert更新DV SSL中间证书的说明
https://help.aliyun.com/zh/ssl-certificate/product-overview/digicert-updated-dv-intermediate-certificates?spm=a2c4g.11186623.0.i19

2.2 也可能是服务器证书文件的证书链不完整

三、解决方法

针对“PKIX path building failed”的异常，有两种解决方式：

一种是调用方解决：如果你的项目调用第三方的接口出现此异常、而第三方系统不方便处理时，可以自己在自己的系统端修复解决；

一种是服务端解决：如果自己的系统是服务端，自己可以在服务端处理解决，其他调用方不用做更改即可恢复正常）；

3.1 调用方解决方法

调用方解决方法的思路是：将调用的域名的安全认证证书导入自己的服务器上；具体实现方法：

1. 编译InstallCert.java得到两个class文件，并执行InstallCert类

/*
 * Copyright 2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc.  All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 *
 *   - Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *
 *   - Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *     notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *     documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 *   - Neither the name of Sun Microsystems nor the names of its
 *     contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
 *     from this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS
 * IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
 * THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
 * PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR
 * CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL,
 * EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
 * PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR
 * PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING
 * NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS
 * SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */
 
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.MessageDigest;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
 
import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLException;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import javax.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory;
import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
 
public class InstallCert {
	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
		String host;
		int port;
		char[] passphrase;
		if ((args.length == 1) || (args.length == 2)) {
			String[] c = args[0].split(":");
			host = c[0];
			port = (c.length == 1) ? 443 : Integer.parseInt(c[1]);
			String p = (args.length == 1) ? "changeit" : args[1];
			passphrase = p.toCharArray();
		} else {
			System.out.println("Usage: java InstallCert <host>[:port] [passphrase]");
			return;
		}
 
		File file = new File("jssecacerts");
		if (file.isFile() == false) {
			char SEP = File.separatorChar;
			File dir = new File(System.getProperty("java.home") + SEP + "lib" + SEP + "security");
			file = new File(dir, "jssecacerts");
			if (file.isFile() == false) {
				file = new File(dir, "cacerts");
			}
		}
		
		System.out.println("Loading KeyStore " + file + "...");
		InputStream in = new FileInputStream(file);
		KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance(KeyStore.getDefaultType());
		ks.load(in, passphrase);
		in.close();
 
		SSLContext context = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
		TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
		tmf.init(ks);
		X509TrustManager defaultTrustManager = (X509TrustManager) tmf.getTrustManagers()[0];
		SavingTrustManager tm = new SavingTrustManager(defaultTrustManager);
		context.init(null, new TrustManager[]{tm}, null);
		SSLSocketFactory factory = context.getSocketFactory();
 
		System.out.println("Opening connection to " + host + ":" + port + "...");
		SSLSocket socket = (SSLSocket) factory.createSocket(host, port);
		socket.setSoTimeout(10000);
		try {
			System.out.println("Starting SSL handshake...");
			socket.startHandshake();
			socket.close();
			System.out.println();
			System.out.println("No errors, certificate is already trusted");
		} catch (SSLException e) {
			System.out.println();
			e.printStackTrace(System.out);
		}
 
		X509Certificate[] chain = tm.chain;
		if (chain == null) {
			System.out.println("Could not obtain server certificate chain");
			return;
		}
 
		BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
 
		System.out.println();
		System.out.println("Server sent " + chain.length + " certificate(s):");
		System.out.println();
		MessageDigest sha1 = MessageDigest.getInstance("SHA1");
		MessageDigest md5 = MessageDigest.getInstance("MD5");
		for (int i = 0; i < chain.length; i++) {
			X509Certificate cert = chain[i];
			System.out.println(" " + (i + 1) + " Subject " + cert.getSubjectDN());
			System.out.println("   Issuer  " + cert.getIssuerDN());
			sha1.update(cert.getEncoded());
			System.out.println("   sha1    " + toHexString(sha1.digest()));
			md5.update(cert.getEncoded());
			System.out.println("   md5     " + toHexString(md5.digest()));
			System.out.println();
		}
 
		System.out.println("Enter certificate to add to trusted keystore or 'q' to quit: [1]");
		String line = reader.readLine().trim();
		int k;
		try {
			k = (line.length() == 0) ? 0 : Integer.parseInt(line) - 1;
		} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
			System.out.println("KeyStore not changed");
			return;
		}
 
		X509Certificate cert = chain[k];
		String alias = host + "-" + (k + 1);
		ks.setCertificateEntry(alias, cert);
 
		OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream("jssecacerts");
		ks.store(out, passphrase);
		out.close();
 
		System.out.println();
		System.out.println(cert);
		System.out.println();
		System.out.println("Added certificate to keystore 'jssecacerts' using alias '" + alias + "'");
	}
 
	
	private static final char[] HEXDIGITS = "0123456789abcdef".toCharArray();
 
	
	private static String toHexString(byte[] bytes) {
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(bytes.length * 3);
		for (int b : bytes) {
			b &= 0xff;
			sb.append(HEXDIGITS[b >> 4]);
			sb.append(HEXDIGITS[b & 15]);
			sb.append(' ');
		}
		return sb.toString();
	}
 
	
	private static class SavingTrustManager implements X509TrustManager {
		private final X509TrustManager tm;
		private X509Certificate[] chain;
 
		SavingTrustManager(X509TrustManager tm) {
			this.tm = tm;
		}
 
		public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
			throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
		}
 
		public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
			throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
		}
 
		public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {
			this.chain = chain;
			tm.checkServerTrusted(chain, authType);
		}
	}
}

2. 执行方式：java InstallCert hostname 例如：java InstallCert www.cebbank.com

接下来会看到下面的打印信息

java InstallCert www.cebbank.com
Loading KeyStore /usr/java/jdk1.6.0_31/jre/lib/security/cacerts...
Opening connection to www.cebbank.com:443...
Starting SSL handshake...
 
javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed: 
sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
	at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Alerts.getSSLException(Alerts.java:174)
	at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.fatal(SSLSocketImpl.java:1731)
	at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Handshaker.java:241)
	at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Handshaker.fatalSE(Handshaker.java:235)
	at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.ClientHandshaker.serverCertificate(ClientHandshaker.java:1206)
	at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.ClientHandshaker.processMessage(ClientHandshaker.java:136)
	at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Handshaker.processLoop(Handshaker.java:593)
	at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.Handshaker.process_record(Handshaker.java:529)
	at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.readRecord(SSLSocketImpl.java:925)
	at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.performInitialHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1170)
	at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1197)
	at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.SSLSocketImpl.startHandshake(SSLSocketImpl.java:1181)
	at InstallCert.main(InstallCert.java:102)
Caused by: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path building failed: 
sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
	at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.doBuild(PKIXValidator.java:323)
	at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.engineValidate(PKIXValidator.java:217)
	at sun.security.validator.Validator.validate(Validator.java:218)
	at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.validate(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:126)
	at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.X509TrustManagerImpl.checkServerTrusted(X509TrustManagerImpl.java:209)
	at InstallCert$SavingTrustManager.checkServerTrusted(InstallCert.java:198)
	at com.sun.net.ssl.internal.ssl.ClientHandshaker.serverCertificate(ClientHandshaker.java:1198)
	... 8 more
Caused by: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target
	at sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilder.engineBuild(SunCertPathBuilder.java:174)
	at java.security.cert.CertPathBuilder.build(CertPathBuilder.java:238)
	at sun.security.validator.PKIXValidator.doBuild(PKIXValidator.java:318)
	... 14 more
 
Server sent 1 certificate(s):
 
 1 Subject CN=www.cebbank.com, OU=Terms of use at www.verisign.com/rpa (c)05, OU=CEB, O="China Everbright Bank Co., Ltd", L=Beijing
   Issuer  CN=VeriSign Class 3 Extended Validation SSL CA, OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)06, OU=VeriSign Trust Network
   sha1    5b d2 85 6e b3 a4 2b 07 a2 13 47 b3 be 3e 1f c9 d3 ce 46 57 
   md5     05 d8 ae ee f1 d9 51 63 6d 2f 11 e0 ac d0 e7 d7 
 
Enter certificate to add to trusted keystore or 'q' to quit: [1]

3. 然后输入1并回车，会看到类似下面的打印信息

[
[
  Version: V3
  Subject: CN=www.cebbank.com, OU=Terms of use at www.verisign.com/rpa (c)05, OU=CEB, O="China Everbright Bank Co., Ltd", L=Beijing
  Signature Algorithm: SHA1withRSA, OID = 1.2.840.113549.1.1.5
 
  Key:  Sun RSA public key, 2048 bits
  modulus: 30831246384548809540705228292841393062583732250993909916355780413722161557074568469738254573472093341710481517139910877
  public exponent: 65537
  Validity: [From: Mon Jul 02 08:00:00 CST 2012,
               To: Thu Jul 03 07:59:59 CST 2014]
  Issuer: CN=VeriSign Class 3 Extended Validation SSL CA, OU=Terms of use at https://www.verisign.com/rpa (c)06, OU=VeriSign Trust Network
  SerialNumber: [    5715ab25 6be8fa42 2fa28dd4 601bc732]
 
Certificate Extensions: 9
[1]: ObjectId: 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.1 Criticality=false
AuthorityInfoAccess [
  [
   accessMethod: 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.1
   accessLocation: URIName: http://ocsp.verisign.com, 
   accessMethod: 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.48.2
   accessLocation: URIName: http://EVSecure-aia.verisign.com/EVSecure2006.cer]
]
 
[2]: ObjectId: 2.5.29.17 Criticality=false
SubjectAlternativeName [
  DNSName: www.cebbank.com
]
 
[3]: ObjectId: 2.5.29.35 Criticality=false
AuthorityKeyIdentifier [
KeyIdentifier [
0000: FC 8A 50 BA 9E B9 25 5A   7B 55 85 4F 95 00 63 8F  ..P...%Z.U.O..c.
0010: E9 58 6B 43                                        .XkC
]
 
]
 
[4]: ObjectId: 2.5.29.32 Criticality=false
CertificatePolicies [
  [CertificatePolicyId: [2.16.840.1.113733.1.7.23.6]
[PolicyQualifierInfo: [
  qualifierID: 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.2.1
  qualifier: 0000: 16 1C 68 74 74 70 73 3A   2F 2F 77 77 77 2E 76 65  ..https://www.ve
0010: 72 69 73 69 67 6E 2E 63   6F 6D 2F 63 70 73        risign.com/cps
 
]]  ]
]
 
[5]: ObjectId: 2.5.29.19 Criticality=false
BasicConstraints:[
  CA:false
  PathLen: undefined
]
 
[6]: ObjectId: 1.3.6.1.5.5.7.1.12 Criticality=false
Extension unknown: DER encoded OCTET string =
0000: 04 62 30 60 A1 5E A0 5C   30 5A 30 58 30 56 16 09  .b0`.^.\0Z0X0V..
0010: 69 6D 61 67 65 2F 67 69   66 30 21 30 1F 30 07 06  image/gif0!0.0..
0020: 05 2B 0E 03 02 1A 04 14   4B 6B B9 28 96 06 0C BB  .+......Kk.(....
0030: D0 52 38 9B 29 AC 4B 07   8B 21 05 18 30 26 16 24  .R8.).K..!..0&.$
0040: 68 74 74 70 3A 2F 2F 6C   6F 67 6F 2E 76 65 72 69  http://logo.veri
0050: 73 69 67 6E 2E 63 6F 6D   2F 76 73 6C 6F 67 6F 31  sign.com/vslogo1
0060: 2E 67 69 66                                        .gif
 
 
[7]: ObjectId: 2.5.29.37 Criticality=false
ExtendedKeyUsages [
  serverAuth
  clientAuth
]
 
[8]: ObjectId: 2.5.29.31 Criticality=false
CRLDistributionPoints [
  [DistributionPoint:
     [URIName: http://EVSecure-crl.verisign.com/EVSecure2006.crl]
]]
 
[9]: ObjectId: 2.5.29.15 Criticality=false
KeyUsage [
  DigitalSignature
  Key_Encipherment
]
 
]
  Algorithm: [SHA1withRSA]
  Signature:
0000: 42 0A 89 BF 48 08 1E F4   98 F2 E5 DB 0D 83 EF 37  B...H..........7
0010: EC 27 6F 4D 81 69 C6 4A   4C 17 EC 57 F5 48 2A 14  .'oM.i.JL..W.H*.
0020: 3C 54 B2 C5 49 39 42 BA   EC 83 78 02 F9 96 6C 63  <T..I9B...x...lc
0030: 80 BC 60 61 BB 20 D1 AD   C3 D3 76 47 6F 0C 7B AC  ..`a. ....vGo...
0040: 76 B2 C7 2D B1 0A 7A 00   CA 40 38 86 FF 9F 12 F5  v..-..z..@8.....
0050: BE 5A E7 42 97 2F DF DE   0C 19 C5 F6 92 58 17 7A  .Z.B./.......X.z
0060: 9A 1D 2C 2C DA 8B 83 83   2D BE 07 58 56 36 92 E7  ..,,....-..XV6..
0070: B1 F8 A0 B5 00 F4 C3 30   D1 34 37 3D 94 75 28 04  .......0.47=.u(.
0080: A2 D8 C3 FE B1 E1 C2 2E   51 A8 6F D5 09 6D 49 DB  ........Q.o..mI.
0090: 2E 1D 4B F7 A8 06 30 B4   97 E7 C2 33 26 FD 6A DF  ..K...0....3&.j.
00A0: D6 B0 10 A1 F2 73 DD 5A   60 DE 51 5E EA 80 46 86  .....s.Z`.Q^..F.
00B0: 25 0B 53 FC C2 57 80 35   09 2D 31 55 28 35 EE 0F  %.S..W.5.-1U(5..
00C0: 62 50 4B 12 75 0B 02 9F   2F 0B D2 8A 0D 23 E3 C1  bPK.u.../....#..
00D0: 48 28 56 33 E1 DE 31 DD   72 78 15 96 EE 2B A5 1D  H(V3..1.rx...+..
00E0: 37 85 1B E5 88 53 80 88   02 6D 90 F3 E6 4A 74 AC  7....S...m...Jt.
00F0: D2 CA 0E 04 BC 46 A0 57   34 FA CF 9D E5 D7 0E 4B  .....F.W4......K
]
Added certificate to keystore 'jssecacerts' using alias 'www.cebbank.com-1'

4. 同时我们会在当前目录下发现已经生成了一个名为jssecacerts的证书再将名为jssecacerts的证书拷贝服务器%JAVA_HONME%\\jre\\lib\\security\\目录中最后重启下应用的服务，证书就会生效了。