在数据库中,事物有一下四个属性,凡是具有这四个属性,都可以称之为事物
ACID
A:原子性,执行事物的逻辑成为一个单一的单元,不能只执行其中的一部分。要么都执行,要么都不执行
C:一致性,在事物处理执行前后,数据库是一致的(数据库数据完整性约束)
I:隔离性, 一个事物处理对另一个事物处理的影响。mysql隔离的四个等级
-Serializable
-repeatable read
-read committed
-read uncommitted
脏读 | 不可重复读 | 幻读 | |
read uncommitted | Y | Y | Y |
read committed | N | Y | Y |
repeatable read | N | N | Y |
serializable | N | N | N |
D:持续性,事物的处理能够永久的保存下来。
java中的几个方法:
connection.setAutoCommit(false);//打开事务,默认情况下,每个sql语句执行完后会自动提交
connection.rollback();//回滚事务,
SavePoint sp = null;
sp = connection.setSavepoint();//创建一个回滚保存点
connection.rollback(sp);//回滚部分
connection.commit();//提交事务,在提交前,所有sql语句是一个原子性操作,要么都成功,要么都失败
//提交回滚code example
package cn.itcast.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Savepoint;
import java.sql.Statement;
/**
*
* 2008-12-7
*
*/
public class SavePointTest {
/**
* @param args
* @throws SQLException
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
test();
}
static void test() throws SQLException {
Connection conn = null;
Statement st = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
Savepoint sp = null;
try {
conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
conn.setAutoCommit(false);
st = conn.createStatement();
String sql = "update user set money=money-10 where id=1";
st.executeUpdate(sql);
sp = conn.setSavepoint();
sql = "update user set money=money-10 where id=3";
st.executeUpdate(sql);
sql = "select money from user where id=2";
rs = st.executeQuery(sql);
float money = 0.0f;
if (rs.next()) {
money = rs.getFloat("money");
}
if (money > 300)
throw new RuntimeException("已经超过最大值!");
sql = "update user set money=money+10 where id=2";
st.executeUpdate(sql);
conn.commit();
} catch (RuntimeException e) {
if (conn != null && sp != null) {
conn.rollback(sp);
conn.commit();
}
throw e;
} catch (SQLException e) {
if (conn != null)
conn.rollback();
throw e;
} finally {
JdbcUtils.free(rs, st, conn);
}
}
}
//隔离级别code example
package cn.itcast.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
/**
*
* 2008-12-7
*/
public class TxTest {
/**
* @param args
* @throws SQLException
*/
public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException {
test();
}
static void test() throws SQLException {
Connection conn = null;
Statement st = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
try {
conn = JdbcUtils.getConnection();
conn.setAutoCommit(false);
conn.setTransactionIsolation(Connection.TRANSACTION_READ_COMMITTED);
st = conn.createStatement();
String sql = "update user set money=money-10 where id=1";
st.executeUpdate(sql);
sql = "select money from user where id=2";
rs = st.executeQuery(sql);
float money = 0.0f;
if (rs.next()) {
money = rs.getFloat("money");
}
if (money > 400)
throw new RuntimeException("已经超过最大值!");
sql = "update user set money=money+10 where id=2";
st.executeUpdate(sql);
conn.commit();
} catch (SQLException e) {
if (conn != null)
conn.rollback();
throw e;
} finally {
JdbcUtils.free(rs, st, conn);
}
}
}