Python中的字典

字典的定义
字典是一个无序的数据集合
通常输出的顺序和定义的顺序不一致
users = [‘user1’,‘user2’]
passwd = [‘123’,‘456’]
print(zip(users,passwd))
print(list(zip(users,passwd)))
print(dict(zip(users,passwd)))

s = {}
print(type(s))

s = {
‘westos’:[190,521,231],
‘mysql’:[100,99,88]
}

print(s,type(s))

d = dict()
print(d,type(d))
d = dict(a=1,b=2)
print(d,type(d))

字典的嵌套
students = {
‘03113009’:{
‘name’:‘laoli’,
‘age’:39,
‘score’:59
},
‘03113010’:{
‘name’:‘westos’,
‘age’:18,
‘score’:61
}
}
print(students[‘03113009’][‘name’])

#所有的key的value值相同
print({}.fromkeys({‘1’,‘2’},‘000000’))

字典的特性
d = {
‘1’:‘a’,
‘2’:‘b’
}

print(d[‘1’])

字典的key值是唯一的
成员操作符
print(‘1’ in d)
print(‘1’ not in d)

for key in d:
print(key)

for key in d:
print(key,d[key])

for k,v in d.items():
print(k,v)

字典的增加
services = {
‘http’:80,
‘mysql’:3306,
‘smtp’:25
}
services[‘ftp’] = 21
print(services)
services[‘http’] = 443
print(services)

添加多个key-value值
services_backup = {
‘https’:443,
‘tomcat’:8080,
‘http’:8080
}
services.update(services_backup)
print(services)
services.update(flask=9000,http=8000)
print(services)

setdefault添加key值
如果key值存在，不做修改
如果key值不存在，添加对应的key-value
services.setdefault(‘http’,9090)
print(services)

services.setdefault(‘oracle’,44575)
print(services)

字典的删除
del services[‘http’]
print(services)

pop删除指定的key的key-value
如果key存在，删除，并返回删除key对应value
如果不存在，报错
item = services.pop(‘http’)
print(item)
print(services)

popitem删除最后一个key-value值对
item = services.popitem()
print(services)
清空字典内容
services.clear()
print(services)

字典的查看
services = {
‘http’:80,
‘mysql’:3306,
‘smtp’:25
}

查看字典的key值
print(services.keys())

查看字典的value值
print(services.values())

查看字典的key-value值
print(services.items())

查看key的value值
key不存在，默认返回None
key不存在，有default，则返回default值
print(services.get(‘https’))
for k in services:
print(k,services[k])

get方法
如果key值存在，返回
如果不存在，默认返回None，如果需要指定返回值，传值即可
print(services.get(‘https’,‘key not exist’))

字典练习01
1). 随机生成1000个整数;
2). 数字的范围[20, 100],
3). 升序输出所有不同的数字及其每个数字重复的次数;
import random
all_num = []
for item in range(1000):
all_num.append(random.randint(20,100))

print(all_num)
sorted_nums = sorted(all_num)
num_dict = {}

for num in sorted_nums:
if num in num_dict:
num_dict[num] += 1
else:
num_dict[num] = 1

print(num_dict)