- 查看网卡信息
Linux下网卡命名规律:eth0,eth1。第一块以太网卡,第二块。lo为环回接口,它的IP地址固定为127.0.0.1,掩码8位。它代表你的机器本身。
[root@adx ~]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:22:19:D4:CE:3B
inet addr:10.1.172.10 Bcast:10.1.172.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::222:19ff:fed4:ce3b/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:110027562 errors:0 dropped:12 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:84382846 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:16325696720 (15.2 GiB) TX bytes:19737558214 (18.3 GiB)
Interrupt:169 Memory:dfdf0000-dfe00000
lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:61461561 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:61461561 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:5468511079 (5.0 GiB) TX bytes:5468511079 (5.0 GiB)
配置网络,单网卡单ip,编辑/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth[x]文件([x]为使用的网卡)
[root@adx ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
# Broadcom Corporation NetXtreme BCM5721 Gigabit Ethernet PCI Express //网卡名称,不用改
DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=none
BROADCAST=10.1.172.255 // 广播地址
HWADDR=00:22:19:d4:ce:3b //网卡mac地址,不用改
IPADDR=10.1.172.10 // ip地址
IPV6INIT=yes
IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 // 子网掩码
NETWORK=10.1.172.0 // 网络地址
ONBOOT=yes // 开机自启动
GATEWAY=10.1.172.254 // 网关地址
TYPE=Ethernet
- 配置eth0的IP地址, 同时激活该设备
[root@adx ~]# ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 up
注:手工配置linux网络只限于临时使用,配置不保存。
- 显示eth0的IP地址
awk语句会以空格和":"为分隔符,然后打印出第4列。[root@localhost workspace]# ifconfig eth0 | grep "inet addr" | awk -F[:" "]+ '{print $4}' 192.168.1.102
- 摘录:
例如: (1) 添加到主机的路由。 #route add –host 192.168.1.2 dev eth0:0 #route add –host 10.20.30.148 gw 10.20.30.40 (2) 添加到网络的路由。 #route add –net 10.20.30.40 netmask 255.255.255.248 eth0 #route add –net 10.20.30.48 netmask 255.255.255.248 gw 10.20.30.41 #route add –net 192.168.1.0/24 eth1 (3) 添加默认网关。 #route add default gw 192.168.1.1 (4) 查看内核路由表的配置。 #route (5)删除路由。 #route del –host 192.168.1.2 dev eth0:0 #route del –host 10.20.30.148 gw 10.20.30.40 #route del –net 10.20.30.40 netmask 255.255.255.248 eth0 #route del –net 10.20.30.48 netmask 255.255.255.248 gw 10.20.30.41 #route del –net 192.168.1.0/24 eth1 #route del default gw 192.168.1.1 对于1和2两点可使用下面的语句实现: Ifconfig eth0 172.16.19.71 netmask 255.255.255.0 Route 0.0.0.0 gw 172.16.19.254 Service network restart
- 添加默认网关
[root@adx ~]# route add default gw 192.168.1.1
- 删除默认网关路由
[root@adx ~]# route del default gw 192.168.1.1
- 配置DNS
[root@adx ~]# vim /etc/resolv.conf 1 #nameserver 222.246.129.80 2 #nameserver 8.8.8.8 3 #search localdomain 4 #nameserver 222.246.129.80 5 #nameserver 59.51.78.210 6 nameserver 10.1.201.110 7 nameserver 114.114.114.114
- 激活设备
[root@adx ~]# ifconfig eth0 up
- 禁用设备
注:单个网络接口的配置文件进行修改后,不必每次都从新启动network服务使配置文件生效,可用以上命令。[root@adx ~]# ifconfig eth0 down
- 主机名称配置命令(当前生效)
[root@adx ~]# hostname 123
- 修改机器hostname
[root@localhost workspace]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network NETWORKING=yes HOSTNAME=localhost.wangmeng
- traceroute命令显示当前主机与目的主机之间经过的所,有网络节点的地址,以及当前主机到每个中间结点的连接状态。
[root@adx ~]# traceroute 172.31.23.148 traceroute to 172.31.23.148 (172.31.23.148), 30 hops max, 40 byte packets 1 10.1.172.254 (10.1.172.254) 4.273 ms 4.771 ms 5.459 ms 2 172.31.0.133 (172.31.0.133) 0.444 ms 0.710 ms 0.421 ms 3 172.31.0.129 (172.31.0.129) 9.919 ms 10.354 ms 10.784 ms 4 172.31.23.148 (172.31.23.148) 0.680 ms * *
- 查看当前主机名
[root@adx ~]# hostname adx
- ping命令测试与其它主机的网络链接
[root@adx ~]# ping 172.31.23.148 PING 172.31.23.148 (172.31.23.148) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 172.31.23.148: icmp_seq=1 ttl=61 time=0.829 ms 64 bytes from 172.31.23.148: icmp_seq=2 ttl=61 time=0.696 ms 64 bytes from 172.31.23.148: icmp_seq=3 ttl=61 time=0.619 ms --- 172.31.23.148 ping statistics --- 3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2001ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.619/0.714/0.829/0.092 ms
- route命令查看主机路由信息
[root@adx ~]# route Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 10.1.172.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 169.254.0.0 * 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 default 10.1.172.254 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
- 网络服务启动脚本
/etc/init.d/network 从新启动才能生效 [root@adx ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/network start // 启动network [root@adx ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/network stop // 停止network [root@adx ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/network restart // 重启network
- 主机名称配置文件
[root@adx ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network NETWORKING=yes NETWORKING_IPV6=yes HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain
- 本地主机名称解析文件
[root@adx ~]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhos
- 端口号和服务器名之间的映射
[root@adx ~]# more /etc/services
- arp命令来配置并查看arp缓存
[root@adx ~]# arp Address HWtype HWaddress Flags Mask Iface 10.1.172.25 ether 00:50:56:94:32:FF C eth0 10.1.172.254 ether 70:54:F5:8F:A4:98 C eth0
- nslookup命令查询一台机器的ip地址和与其对应的域名
[root@localhost workspace]# nslookup > mail.163.com Server: 58.20.126.98 Address: 58.20.126.98#53 Non-authoritative answer: mail.163.com canonical name = mail163.yxgslb.netease.com. Name: mail163.yxgslb.netease.com Address: 123.125.50.28 Name: mail163.yxgslb.netease.com Address: 123.125.50.7 Name: mail163.yxgslb.netease.com Address: 123.125.50.26 > exit [root@localhost workspace]#
- dig命令查看
[root@localhost workspace]# dig sina.com.cn ; <<>> DiG 9.8.2rc1-RedHat-9.8.2-0.17.rc1.el6 <<>> sina.com.cn ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 51600 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;sina.com.cn. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: sina.com.cn. 43 IN A 202.108.33.60 ;; Query time: 2 msec ;; SERVER: 58.20.126.98#53(58.20.126.98) ;; WHEN: Sat Apr 25 07:08:17 2015 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 45 [root@localhost workspace]#
- lsof -i查看特定端口的情况,比如22端口由哪些程序占用
[root@localhost workspace]# lsof -i:22 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME sshd 1967 root 3u IPv4 14379 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN) sshd 1967 root 4u IPv6 14385 0t0 TCP *:ssh (LISTEN) sshd 2705 root 3r IPv4 22506 0t0 TCP 192.168.1.102:ssh->192.168.1.101:56867 (ESTABLISHED) sshd 2709 wm 3u IPv4 22506 0t0 TCP 192.168.1.102:ssh->192.168.1.101:56867 (ESTABLISHED)
- pgrep命令查找当前运行的进程,并列出匹配给定条件进程的pid
[root@localhost workspace]# pgrep auditd 435 2582
- killall命令通过程序名字直接杀死所有进程。
- 系统日志syslog.conf的配置详解。/etc/syslog.conf
- 数据备份,如果用scp,建议尽量用它的限速参数;而rsync则尽量选择在非业务时间段执行。
- 配置tcp参数
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.conf