源码地址:【行为型模式】设计模式之迭代器模式
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迭代器模式(Iterator Pattern)是常用的设计模式,属于行为型模式
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如果我们的集合元素是用不同的方式实现的,有数组,还有java的集合类,或者还有其他方式,当客户端要遍历这些集合元素的时候就要使用多种遍历方式,而且还会暴露元素的内部结构,可以考虑使用迭代器模式解决。
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迭代器模式,提供一种遍历集合元素的统一接口,用一致的方法遍历集合元素,不需要知道集合对象的底层表示,即:不暴露其内部的结构。
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基本原理
Iterator:迭代器接口,是JDK提供的,含有hasNext、next、remove
ConcreteIterator:具体的迭代器类,管理迭代
Aggregate:一个统一的聚合接口,将客户端和具体聚合解耦
ConcreteAggregate:具体的聚合持有对象集合,并提供一个方法返回一个迭代器,该迭代器可以遍历集合
3、代码实现
学院及院系的迭代器
public class ComputerCollegeIterator implements Iterator {
List<Department> departments;
int position = -1;
public ComputerCollegeIterator(List<Department> departments) {
this.departments = departments;
}
@Override
public boolean hasNext() {
if(position >= departments.size() -1){
return false;
}
position += 1;
return true;
}
@Override
public Object next() {
Department department = departments.get(position);
return department;
}
@Override
public void remove() {
}
}
public class InfoCollegeIterator implements Iterator {
/**
* 存放院系
*/
Department[] departments;
/**
* 遍历位置
*/
int position = 0;
public InfoCollegeIterator(Department[] departments) {
this.departments = departments;
}
@Override
public boolean hasNext() {
if( position > departments.length || departments[position] == null){
return false;
}
return true;
}
@Override
public Object next() {
Department department = departments[position];
position += 1;
return department;
}
@Override
public void remove() {
}
}
学院、院系实体
public interface College {
String getName();
void addDepartment(String name,String desc);
Iterator createIterator();
}
public class ComputerCollege implements College {
List<Department> departments;
public ComputerCollege() {
departments = new ArrayList<>();
addDepartment("Java","Java专业");
addDepartment("PHP","PHP专业");
addDepartment("Python","Python专业");
}
@Override
public String getName() {
return "计算机学院";
}
@Override
public void addDepartment(String name, String desc) {
Department department = new Department(name,desc);
departments.add(department);
}
@Override
public Iterator createIterator() {
return new ComputerCollegeIterator(departments);
}
}
public class InfoCollege implements College {
Department[] departments;
int positon = 0;
public InfoCollege() {
departments = new Department[5];
addDepartment("信息工程","信息工程学院");
addDepartment("信息安全","信息安全学院");
addDepartment("通信工程","通信工程学院");
}
@Override
public String getName() {
return "信息工程学院";
}
@Override
public void addDepartment(String name, String desc) {
Department department = new Department(name,desc);
departments[positon] = department;
positon++;
}
@Override
public Iterator createIterator() {
return new InfoCollegeIterator(departments);
}
}
public class Department {
private String name;
private String desc;
public Department(String name, String desc) {
this.name = name;
this.desc = desc;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getDesc() {
return desc;
}
public void setDesc(String desc) {
this.desc = desc;
}
}
学院及院系输出
public class OutputImpl {
List<College> collegeList;
public OutputImpl(List<College> collegeList) {
this.collegeList = collegeList;
}
/**
* 打印学院
*/
public void printCollege(){
Iterator<College> iterator = collegeList.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()){
College college = iterator.next();
System.out.println("=================="+college.getName()+"=================");
printDepartment(college.createIterator());
}
}
/**
* 打印院系
* @param iterator
*/
public void printDepartment(Iterator iterator){
while (iterator.hasNext()){
Department department = (Department) iterator.next();
System.out.println(department.getName());
}
}
}
测试类
public class IteratorClient {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<College> collegeList = new ArrayList<>();
ComputerCollege computerCollege = new ComputerCollege();
InfoCollege infoCollege = new InfoCollege();
collegeList.add(computerCollege);
collegeList.add(infoCollege);
OutputImpl output = new OutputImpl(collegeList);
output.printCollege();
}
}
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源码分析
JDK的ArrayList集合就使用了迭代器模式
1)ArrayList的内部类Itr充当了具体的迭代器
2)List充当了聚合接口,含有iterator方法返回一个迭代器对象
3)ArrayList是实现了List的子类,实现了iterator方法
4)Iterator接口系统jdk提供
5)不同的集合都提供了不同的迭代器来解决统一遍历问题
优点
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提供一个统一的方法遍历对象,客户不用再考虑聚合的类型,使用一种方法就可以遍历对象了。
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隐藏了聚合的内部结构,客户端要遍历聚合的时候只能取到迭代器,而不会知道聚合的具体组成。
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提供了一种设计思想,就是一个类应该只有一个引起变化的原因(叫做单一责任原则)。在聚合类中,我们把迭代器分开,就是要把管理对象集合和遍历对象集合的责任分开,这样一来集合改变的话,只影响到聚合对象。而如果遍历方式改变的话,只影响到了迭代器。
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当要展示一组相似对象,或者遍历一组相同对象时使用, 适合使用迭代器模式
缺点
- 每个聚合对象都要一个迭代器,会生成多个迭代器不好管理类