Executor可以让我们方便管理异步任务任务的执行,充当客户端和任务执行之间的中间层。
下面看一下Executor的使用
LightOff类
class LightOff implements Runnable {
protected int countdown = 10;
private static int taskcount = 0;
private final int id = taskcount++;
public LightOff() {
}
public LightOff(int countdown) {
this.countdown = countdown;
}
public String status() {
return "#id-->" + id + "(" + (countdown > 0 ? countdown : 0) + ")";
}
public void run() {
while (countdown-- > 0) {
System.out.println(status() +"Thread name-->"+ Thread.currentThread().getName());
// Thread.yield();
}
}
}
package first;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class Demo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService service=Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
service.execute(new LightOff());
service.shutdown();
}
}
日志输出
#id-->0(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->1(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->0(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->1(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->1(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->1(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->1(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->1(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->1(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->1(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->1(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->2(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->0(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->1(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->0(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->0(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->3(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->3(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->0(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->0(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->3(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->3(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->3(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->3(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->3(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->4(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->4(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->4(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->4(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->4(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->4(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->4(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->4(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->4(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->4(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->5(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->5(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->5(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->5(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->5(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->5(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->5(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->5(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->5(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->5(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->0(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->6(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->2(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->0(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->6(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->2(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->0(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->6(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->2(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->7(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->2(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->6(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->2(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->7(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->8(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->6(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->8(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->7(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->8(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->6(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->8(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->7(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->8(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->6(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->8(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->7(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->8(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->6(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->8(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->7(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->8(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->6(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->8(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->7(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->7(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->7(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->7(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->6(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
再看一个实例
package first;
import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class Demo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService service=Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
service.execute(new LightOff());
service.shutdown();
}
}
#id-->0(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->0(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->0(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->0(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->0(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->0(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->1(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->1(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->1(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->1(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->1(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->1(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->1(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->1(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->1(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->1(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->0(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->0(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->0(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->0(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->3(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->3(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->3(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->2(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->2(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->2(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->4(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
由上面的例子我们可以知道,Executor用来创建和管理系统中所有的任务。调用shutdown方法可以防止新任务被提交给Executor。在shutdown方法之前提交的任务执行完毕,线程才会退出。
CachedThreadPool一般情况下回创建和任务数量一致的线程个数,FixedThreadPool创建确定数量的线程。
Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2)相当于Executors.newCachedThreadPool(2)。可以使用FixedThreadPool来确定线程数量,这样就回减少创建不必要的线程的开销。
看看创建单一线程处理任务的例子
package first;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
public class Demo03 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
/*
* SingleThreadExecutor只会开启一个线程来执行所有任务
* 如果向SingleThreadExecutor提交多个任务,那么这些任务
* 将会排队,每一个任务都会在下一个任务执行前结束运行。所有任务
* 使用相同的线程。
*/
ExecutorService exec=Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
exec.execute(new LightOff());
exec.shutdown();
}
}
#id-->0(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->0(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->0(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->0(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->0(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->0(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->0(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->0(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->0(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->0(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->1(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->1(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->1(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->1(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->1(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->1(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->1(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->1(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->1(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->1(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
这样,所有任务只有一个线程在执行。