Java熟悉到陌生之线程之Executor

Executor可以让我们方便管理异步任务任务的执行,充当客户端和任务执行之间的中间层。
下面看一下Executor的使用

LightOff类

class LightOff implements Runnable {

    protected int countdown = 10;
    private static int taskcount = 0;
    private final int id = taskcount++;

    public LightOff() {
    }

    public LightOff(int countdown) {
        this.countdown = countdown;
    }

    public String status() {
        return "#id-->" + id + "(" + (countdown > 0 ? countdown : 0) + ")";
    }

    public void run() {
        while (countdown-- > 0) {
            System.out.println(status() +"Thread name-->"+ Thread.currentThread().getName());
            // Thread.yield();
        }
    }

}
package first;

import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class Demo02 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ExecutorService service=Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
            service.execute(new LightOff());
            service.shutdown();
            }
}

日志输出

#id-->0(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->1(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->0(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->1(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->1(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->1(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->1(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->1(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->1(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->1(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->1(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->2(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->0(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->1(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->0(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->0(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->3(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->3(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->0(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->0(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->3(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->3(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->3(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->3(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->3(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->4(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->4(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->4(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->4(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->4(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->4(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->4(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->4(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->4(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->4(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->5(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->5(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->5(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->5(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->5(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->5(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->5(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->5(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->5(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->5(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->0(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->6(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->2(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->0(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->6(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->2(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->0(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->6(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->2(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->7(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->2(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->6(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->2(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->7(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->8(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->6(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->8(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->7(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->8(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->6(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->8(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->7(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->8(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->6(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->8(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->7(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->8(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->6(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->8(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->7(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->8(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->6(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->8(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-3
#id-->7(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->7(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->7(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->7(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->6(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2

再看一个实例

package first;

import java.util.concurrent.Executor;
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class Demo02 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService service=Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2);
        for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
            service.execute(new LightOff());
            service.shutdown();
    }

}
#id-->0(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->0(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->0(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->0(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->0(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->0(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->1(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->1(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->1(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->1(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->1(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->1(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->1(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->1(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->1(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->1(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->0(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->0(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->0(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->0(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->3(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->3(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->3(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->2(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->2(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->2(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-2
#id-->4(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1

由上面的例子我们可以知道,Executor用来创建和管理系统中所有的任务。调用shutdown方法可以防止新任务被提交给Executor。在shutdown方法之前提交的任务执行完毕,线程才会退出。
CachedThreadPool一般情况下回创建和任务数量一致的线程个数,FixedThreadPool创建确定数量的线程。
Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2)相当于Executors.newCachedThreadPool(2)。可以使用FixedThreadPool来确定线程数量,这样就回减少创建不必要的线程的开销。

看看创建单一线程处理任务的例子

package first;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class Demo03 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        /*
         *  SingleThreadExecutor只会开启一个线程来执行所有任务
         *  如果向SingleThreadExecutor提交多个任务,那么这些任务
         *  将会排队,每一个任务都会在下一个任务执行前结束运行。所有任务
         *  使用相同的线程。
         */
        ExecutorService exec=Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor();
        for(int i=0;i<5;i++)
            exec.execute(new LightOff());
            exec.shutdown();

    }


}
#id-->0(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->0(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->0(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->0(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->0(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->0(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->0(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->0(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->0(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->0(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->1(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->1(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->1(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->1(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->1(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->1(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->1(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->1(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->1(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->1(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->2(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->3(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(9)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(8)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(7)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(6)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(5)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(4)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(3)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(2)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(1)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1
#id-->4(0)Thread name-->pool-1-thread-1

这样,所有任务只有一个线程在执行。

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