centos上MySql数据库安装

centos上mysql-8.0.28数据库安装

mysql目录为：/usr/local/mysql (仅举例，已安装则可不必再装) 下载地址https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/8.0.html?os=2

第一步：将MySQL安装包mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz放到/usr/local/src目录下，并解压缩

cd /usr/local/src
xz -d mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz 
tar -xvf mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar

第二步：在/usr/local下创建安装目录mysql，并将/usr/local/src下的mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64文件夹的内容移动到/usr/local/mysql下

mkdir /usr/local/msyql
mv /usr/local/src/mysql-8.0.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/* /usr/local/mysql/

第三步：切换到/usr/local/mysql目录，创建目录data

cd /usr/local/mysql
mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data

第四步：分别创建用户组以及用户和密码（如果提示已存在说明之前有创建过了）

groupadd mysql
useradd -g mysql mysql

第五步：授权刚刚新建的用户

chown -R mysql.mysql /usr/local/mysql
chmod 750 /usr/local/mysql/data -R

第六步：配置环境，编辑/etc/profile文件

vim /etc/profile

加入环境变量
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib
执行命令使配置生效

source /etc/profile

第七步：编辑my.cnf文件

vi /etc/my.cnf

按下面复制进去就好了，#号开头的不用管，一样，添加完之后，换行，打出“：sq”，用来保存文件并退出

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4

[client]
#port=3306
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
#port=3306
#server-id=3306
user=mysql
general_log=1
general_log_file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.log

basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

log-bin=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql-bin
innodb_data_home_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data
innodb_log_group_home_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data/

character-set-server=utf8mb4
lower_case_table_names=1

autocommit=1

default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password
symbolic-links=0

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.log
pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.pid

#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

第八步：切换到/usr/local/mysql/bin目录下，初始化基础信息,得到数据库的初始密码（在/usr/local/mysql/bin目录下执行）

cd bin
./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ --initialize

如图，复制出红框的初始密码，保存到本地，后面需要使用到

第九步：复制mysql.server 文件

cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

第十步：赋予权限

chown 777 /etc/my.cnf
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

第十一步：检查一下/var/lib/mysql是否存在，否则进行创建

mkdir /var/lib/mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/

第十二步：启动数据库，有SUCCESS字眼说明MySQL安装完成

service mysql start

第十三步：修改root账号密码

登录myql：mysql -hlocalhost -uroot -p 录入上边初始化后的密码（第八步）
执行下面语句，修改root默认密码

ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '新密码';
flush privileges;

注意：必须修改，不修改不让执行其他操作

可设置root用户远程可访问，先执行

use mysql

再执行以下命令

update user set host='%' where user='root';
flush privileges;