2.1 What a Rule Looks Like（规则是什么样子的）

A simple makefile consists of “rules” with the following shape（一个简单的makefile由一系列的规则构成，规则样式如下）:

target（目标） … : prerequisites（依赖） …
        recipe（命令）
        …
        …

A target is usually the name of a file that is generated by a program（目标通常是一个由程序生成的文件的名字）; examples of targets are executable or object files（目标可以是可执行文件或者目标文件）. A target can also be the name of an action to carry out（目标也可以是一个要执行的动作的名字）, such as ‘clean’ (see Phony（假的） Targets).

A prerequisite is a file that is used as input to create the target（依赖就是个文件，用来生成目标的）. A target often depends on several files（一个目标通常依赖好几个文件）.

A recipe is an action that make carries out（A recipe就是一个由make执行的动作）. A recipe may have more than one command, either on the same line or each on its own line.

Please note: you need to put a tab character at the beginning of every recipe line（需要在每一个命令行前放置一个tab字符）! This is an obscurity that catches the unwary（这是一个让粗心者抓狂的东东）. If you prefer to prefix your recipes with a character other than tab, you can set the .RECIPEPREFIX variable to an alternate character （如果你喜欢在每个命令行设置一个其他字符而不是tab字符，你可以通过设置.RECIPEPREFIX变量来生效）(see Special Variables).

Usually a recipe is in a rule with prerequisites and serves to create a target file if any of the prerequisites change. However, the rule that specifies a recipe for the target need not have prerequisites. For example, the rule containing the delete command associated with the target ‘clean’ does not have prerequisites（这段话的意思就是说，规则里可以没有依赖，而只包含目标和命令）.

A rule, then（因此）, explains how and when to remake certain files which are the targets of the particular rule（规则就是用来说明如何以及何时构建目标文件）. make carries out the recipe on the prerequisites to create or update the target（make通过执行规则中的命令来创建或更新目标文件）. A rule can also explain how and when to carry out an action（规则也可以用来解释如何以及何时执行一个动作）. See Writing Rules.

A makefile may contain other text besides rules, but a simple makefile need only contain rules. Rules may look somewhat（有点） more complicated（复杂的） than shown in this template（模板）, but all fit the pattern more or less（或多或少）.

 

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