与synchronized类似的,lock也能够达到同步的效果
- 回忆 synchronized 同步的方式
首先回忆一下 synchronized 同步对象的方式
当一个线程占用 synchronized 同步对象,其他线程就不能占用了,直到释放这个同步对象为止
package multiplethread; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; public class TestThread { public static String now(){ return new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()); } public static void main(String[] args) { final Object someObject = new Object(); Thread t1 = new Thread(){ public void run(){ try { System.out.println( now()+" t1 线程已经运行"); System.out.println( now()+this.getName()+ " 试图占有对象:someObject"); synchronized (someObject) { System.out.println( now()+this.getName()+ " 占有对象:someObject"); Thread.sleep(5000); System.out.println( now()+this.getName()+ " 释放对象:someObject"); } System.out.println(now()+" t1 线程结束"); } catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } }; t1.setName(" t1"); t1.start(); Thread t2 = new Thread(){ public void run(){ try { System.out.println( now()+" t2 线程已经运行"); System.out.println( now()+this.getName()+ " 试图占有对象:someObject"); synchronized (someObject) { System.out.println( now()+this.getName()+ " 占有对象:someObject"); Thread.sleep(5000); System.out.println( now()+this.getName()+ " 释放对象:someObject"); } System.out.println(now()+" t2 线程结束"); } catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } }; t2.setName(" t2"); t2.start(); } }
- 使用Lock对象实现同步效果
Lock是一个接口,为了使用一个Lock对象,需要用到
Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
与 synchronized (someObject) 类似的,lock()方法,表示当前线程占用lock对象,一旦占用,其他线程就不能占用了。
与 synchronized 不同的是,一旦synchronized 块结束,就会自动释放对someObject的占用。 lock却必须调用unlock方法进行手动释放,为了保证释放的执行,往往会把unlock() 放在finally中进行。
package multiplethread; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock; public class TestThread { public static String now() { return new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()); } public static void log(String msg) { System.out.printf("%s %s %s %n", now() , Thread.currentThread().getName() , msg); } public static void main(String[] args) { Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); Thread t1 = new Thread() { public void run() { try { log("线程启动"); log("试图占有对象:lock"); lock.lock(); log("占有对象:lock"); log("进行5秒的业务操作"); Thread.sleep(5000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { log("释放对象:lock"); lock.unlock(); } log("线程结束"); } }; t1.setName("t1"); t1.start(); try { //先让t1飞2秒 Thread.sleep(2000); } catch (InterruptedException e1) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e1.printStackTrace(); } Thread t2 = new Thread() { public void run() { try { log("线程启动"); log("试图占有对象:lock"); lock.lock(); log("占有对象:lock"); log("进行5秒的业务操作"); Thread.sleep(5000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { log("释放对象:lock"); lock.unlock(); } log("线程结束"); } }; t2.setName("t2"); t2.start(); } }
- trylock方法
synchronized 是不占用到手不罢休的,会一直试图占用下去。
与 synchronized 的钻牛角尖不一样,Lock接口还提供了一个trylock方法。
trylock会在指定时间范围内试图占用,占成功了,就啪啪啪。 如果时间到了,还占用不成功,扭头就走~
注意: 因为使用trylock有可能成功,有可能失败,所以后面unlock释放锁的时候,需要判断是否占用成功了,如果没占用成功也unlock,就会抛出异常
package multiplethread; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock; public class TestThread { public static String now() { return new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()); } public static void log(String msg) { System.out.printf("%s %s %s %n", now() , Thread.currentThread().getName() , msg); } public static void main(String[] args) { Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); Thread t1 = new Thread() { public void run() { boolean locked = false; try { log("线程启动"); log("试图占有对象:lock"); locked = lock.tryLock(1,TimeUnit.SECONDS); if(locked){ log("占有对象:lock"); log("进行5秒的业务操作"); Thread.sleep(5000); } else{ log("经过1秒钟的努力,还没有占有对象,放弃占有"); } } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if(locked){ log("释放对象:lock"); lock.unlock(); } } log("线程结束"); } }; t1.setName("t1"); t1.start(); try { //先让t1飞2秒 Thread.sleep(2000); } catch (InterruptedException e1) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e1.printStackTrace(); } Thread t2 = new Thread() { public void run() { boolean locked = false; try { log("线程启动"); log("试图占有对象:lock"); locked = lock.tryLock(1,TimeUnit.SECONDS); if(locked){ log("占有对象:lock"); log("进行5秒的业务操作"); Thread.sleep(5000); } else{ log("经过1秒钟的努力,还没有占有对象,放弃占有"); } } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { if(locked){ log("释放对象:lock"); lock.unlock(); } } log("线程结束"); } }; t2.setName("t2"); t2.start(); } }
- 线程交互
使用synchronized方式进行线程交互,用到的是同步对象的wait,notify和notifyAll方法
Lock也提供了类似的解决办法,首先通过lock对象得到一个Condition对象,然后分别调用这个Condition对象的:await, signal,signalAll 方法
注意: 不是Condition对象的wait,nofity,notifyAll方法,是await,signal,signalAll
package multiplethread; import java.text.SimpleDateFormat; import java.util.Date; import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition; import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock; import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock; public class TestThread { public static String now() { return new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(new Date()); } public static void log(String msg) { System.out.printf("%s %s %s %n", now() , Thread.currentThread().getName() , msg); } public static void main(String[] args) { Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); Condition condition = lock.newCondition(); Thread t1 = new Thread() { public void run() { try { log("线程启动"); log("试图占有对象:lock"); lock.lock(); log("占有对象:lock"); log("进行5秒的业务操作"); Thread.sleep(5000); log("临时释放对象 lock, 并等待"); condition.await(); log("重新占有对象 lock,并进行5秒的业务操作"); Thread.sleep(5000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { log("释放对象:lock"); lock.unlock(); } log("线程结束"); } }; t1.setName("t1"); t1.start(); try { //先让t1飞2秒 Thread.sleep(2000); } catch (InterruptedException e1) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e1.printStackTrace(); } Thread t2 = new Thread() { public void run() { try { log("线程启动"); log("试图占有对象:lock"); lock.lock(); log("占有对象:lock"); log("进行5秒的业务操作"); Thread.sleep(5000); log("唤醒等待中的线程"); condition.signal(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } finally { log("释放对象:lock"); lock.unlock(); } log("线程结束"); } }; t2.setName("t2"); t2.start(); } }
- 总结Lock和synchronized的区别
1. Lock是一个接口,而synchronized是Java中的关键字,synchronized是内置的语言实现,Lock是代码层面的实现。
2. Lock可以选择性的获取锁,如果一段时间获取不到,可以放弃。synchronized不行,会一根筋一直获取下去。 借助Lock的这个特性,就能够规避死锁,synchronized必须通过谨慎和良好的设计,才能减少死锁的发生。
3. synchronized在发生异常和同步块结束的时候,会自动释放锁。而Lock必须手动释放, 所以如果忘记了释放锁,一样会造成死锁。