使用 Socket(套接字)进行不同的程序之间的通信
- 建立连接
1. 服务端开启8888端口,并监听着,时刻等待着客户端的连接请求
2. 客户端知道服务端的ip地址和监听端口号,发出请求到服务端
客户端的端口地址是系统分配的,通常都会大于1024
一旦建立了连接,服务端会得到一个新的Socket对象,该对象负责与客户端进行通信。
注意: 在开发调试的过程中,如果修改过了服务器Server代码,要关闭启动的Server,否则新的Server不能启动,因为8888端口被占用了
package socket; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket; public class Server { public static void main(String[] args) { try { //服务端打开端口8888 ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(8888); //在8888端口上监听,看是否有连接请求过来 System.out.println("监听在端口号:8888"); Socket s = ss.accept(); System.out.println("有连接过来" + s); s.close(); ss.close(); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } }
package socket; import java.io.IOException; import java.net.Socket; import java.net.UnknownHostException; public class Client { public static void main(String[] args) { try { //连接到本机的8888端口 Socket s = new Socket("127.0.0.1",8888); System.out.println(s); s.close(); } catch (UnknownHostException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } }
- 收发数字
一旦建立了连接,服务端和客户端就可以通过Socket进行通信了
1. 客户端打开输出流,并发送数字 110
2. 服务端打开输入流,接受数字 110,并打印
package socket; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket; public class Server { public static void main(String[] args) { try { ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(8888); System.out.println("监听在端口号:8888"); Socket s = ss.accept(); //打开输入流 InputStream is = s.getInputStream(); //读取客户端发送的数据 int msg = is.read(); //打印出来 System.out.println(msg); is.close(); s.close(); ss.close(); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } }
- 收发字符串
直接使用字节流收发字符串比较麻烦,使用数据流对字节流进行封装,这样收发字符串就容易了
1. 把输出流封装在DataOutputStream中
使用writeUTF发送字符串 "Legendary!"
2. 把输入流封装在DataInputStream
使用readUTF读取字符串,并打印
package socket; import java.io.DataInputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.InputStream; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket; public class Server { public static void main(String[] args) { try { ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(8888); System.out.println("监听在端口号:8888"); Socket s = ss.accept(); InputStream is = s.getInputStream(); //把输入流封装在DataInputStream DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(is); //使用readUTF读取字符串 String msg = dis.readUTF(); System.out.println(msg); dis.close(); s.close(); ss.close(); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } }
package socket; import java.io.DataOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.Socket; import java.net.UnknownHostException; import java.util.Scanner; public class Client { public static void main(String[] args) { try { Socket s = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 8888); OutputStream os = s.getOutputStream(); //把输出流封装在DataOutputStream中 DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(os); //使用writeUTF发送字符串 dos.writeUTF("Legendary!"); dos.close(); s.close(); } catch (UnknownHostException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } }
- 使用Scanner
在上个步骤中,每次要发不同的数据都需要修改代码
可以使用Scanner读取控制台的输入,并发送到服务端,这样每次都可以发送不同的数据了。
package socket; import java.io.DataOutputStream; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.Socket; import java.net.UnknownHostException; import java.util.Scanner; public class Client { public static void main(String[] args) { try { Socket s = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 8888); OutputStream os = s.getOutputStream(); DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(os); //使用Scanner读取控制台的输入,并发送到服务端 Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); String str = sc.next(); dos.writeUTF(str); dos.close(); s.close(); } catch (UnknownHostException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } catch (IOException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } }
- 服务端和客户端互聊
package socket1; import java.io.DataInputStream; import java.io.DataOutputStream; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.Socket; import java.util.Scanner; public class Client { public static void main(String[] args) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub try (Socket s = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 8888); OutputStream os = s.getOutputStream(); DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(os); InputStream is = s.getInputStream(); DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(is); Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);) { while (true) { String str = sc.next(); dos.writeUTF(str); String msg = dis.readUTF(); System.out.println("Client: " + msg); } } catch (Exception e) { // TODO: handle exception e.printStackTrace(); } } }
package socket1; import java.io.DataInputStream; import java.io.DataOutputStream; import java.io.InputStream; import java.io.OutputStream; import java.net.ServerSocket; import java.net.Socket; import java.util.Scanner; public class Server { public static void main(String[] args) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub try (ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(8888); Socket s = ss.accept(); InputStream is = s.getInputStream(); DataInputStream dis = new DataInputStream(is); OutputStream os = s.getOutputStream(); DataOutputStream dos = new DataOutputStream(os); Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in); ) { while (true) { String msg = dis.readUTF(); System.out.println("Server: " + msg); String str = sc.next(); dos.writeUTF(str); } } catch (Exception e) { // TODO: handle exception e.printStackTrace(); } } }