Servlet CRUD-Servlet提供查询功能

最新推荐文章于 2022-12-30 17:27:52 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-12-30 17:27:52 发布

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分类专栏： J2EE-Servlet

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CRUD是常见的页面功能，即我们常说的增删改查
C - Creation 增加
R - Retrieve 查询
U - Update 修改
D - DELETE 删除

介绍如何与JDBC结合，通过servlet查询数据库，根据查询结果，得到一个html页面，显示数据库中的内容。

准备实体类Hero

Hero类有id,name,hp,damage等属性。

并且为每一个属性提供public的getter和setter。

package bean;
public class Hero {
    public int id;
    public String name;
    public float hp;
    public int damage;
    public int getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(int id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public float getHp() {
        return hp;
    }
    public void setHp(float hp) {
        this.hp = hp;
    }
    public int getDamage() {
        return damage;
    }
    public void setDamage(int damage) {
        this.damage = damage;
    }
     
}

准备DAO 类 HeroDAO

准备一个HeroDAO，提供增加，删除，修改，查询等常规数据库操作方法

package dao;
  
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
 
import bean.Hero;
  
public class HeroDAO {
  
    public HeroDAO() {
        try {
            Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
  
    public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
        return DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/how2java?characterEncoding=UTF-8", "root",
                "admin");
    }
  
    public int getTotal() {
        int total = 0;
        try (Connection c = getConnection(); Statement s = c.createStatement();) {
  
            String sql = "select count(*) from hero";
  
            ResultSet rs = s.executeQuery(sql);
            while (rs.next()) {
                total = rs.getInt(1);
            }
  
            System.out.println("total:" + total);
  
        } catch (SQLException e) {
  
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return total;
    }
  
    public void add(Hero hero) {
  
        String sql = "insert into hero values(null,?,?,?)";
        try (Connection c = getConnection(); PreparedStatement ps = c.prepareStatement(sql);) {
  
            ps.setString(1, hero.name);
            ps.setFloat(2, hero.hp);
            ps.setInt(3, hero.damage);
  
            ps.execute();
  
            ResultSet rs = ps.getGeneratedKeys();
            if (rs.next()) {
                int id = rs.getInt(1);
                hero.id = id;
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
  
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
  
    public void update(Hero hero) {
  
        String sql = "update hero set name= ?, hp = ? , damage = ? where id = ?";
        try (Connection c = getConnection(); PreparedStatement ps = c.prepareStatement(sql);) {
  
            ps.setString(1, hero.name);
            ps.setFloat(2, hero.hp);
            ps.setInt(3, hero.damage);
            ps.setInt(4, hero.id);
  
            ps.execute();
  
        } catch (SQLException e) {
  
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
  
    }
  
    public void delete(int id) {
  
        try (Connection c = getConnection(); Statement s = c.createStatement();) {
  
            String sql = "delete from hero where id = " + id;
  
            s.execute(sql);
  
        } catch (SQLException e) {
  
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
  
    public Hero get(int id) {
        Hero hero = null;
  
        try (Connection c = getConnection(); Statement s = c.createStatement();) {
  
            String sql = "select * from hero where id = " + id;
  
            ResultSet rs = s.executeQuery(sql);
  
            if (rs.next()) {
                hero = new Hero();
                String name = rs.getString(2);
                float hp = rs.getFloat("hp");
                int damage = rs.getInt(4);
                hero.name = name;
                hero.hp = hp;
                hero.damage = damage;
                hero.id = id;
            }
  
        } catch (SQLException e) {
  
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return hero;
    }
  
    public List<Hero> list() {
        return list(0, Short.MAX_VALUE);
    }
  
    public List<Hero> list(int start, int count) {
        List<Hero> heros = new ArrayList<Hero>();
  
        String sql = "select * from hero order by id desc limit ?,? ";
  
        try (Connection c = getConnection(); PreparedStatement ps = c.prepareStatement(sql);) {
  
            ps.setInt(1, start);
            ps.setInt(2, count);
  
            ResultSet rs = ps.executeQuery();
  
            while (rs.next()) {
                Hero hero = new Hero();
                int id = rs.getInt(1);
                String name = rs.getString(2);
                float hp = rs.getFloat("hp");
                int damage = rs.getInt(4);
                hero.id = id;
                hero.name = name;
                hero.hp = hp;
                hero.damage = damage;
                heros.add(hero);
            }
        } catch (SQLException e) {
  
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return heros;
    }
  
}

创建表Hero的SQL

用于创建表Hero的SQL语句

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `hero`;
 
CREATE TABLE `hero` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
  `hp` float DEFAULT NULL,
  `damage` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

为web应用导入mysql-jdbc的jar包

为web应用导入mysql-jdbc的jar包与为项目导入mysql-jdbc的jar包不同，其作用的web应用在tomcat中运行起来后，能够找到jar包中的类。
所以需要把 mysq的jar包放在WEB-INF/lib 目录下。
注：放在WEB-INF/lib 下指的是能够web应用中找到对应的class，如果要在eclipse中做调试，还是需要为项目添加该jar才可以。

编写 HeroListServlet

做一个Hero的维护页面需要一些通用的操作，比如增加，删除，编辑，修改，查询等。
每个不同的操作，都需要一个对应的Servlet，除了做Hero之外，还会做到其他的一些表的相关操作，所以好的规范会对将来的维护更有好处。
一般会这样命名,以查询为例 HeroListServlet ： [表][行为]Servlet 这样一种命名规则。

所以对于Hero而言就会如此命名：
增加 HeroAddServlet
删除 HeroDeleteServlet
编辑 HeroEditServlet
修改 HeroUpdateServlet
查询 HeroListServlet

在HeroListServlet中，会使用HeroDAO把数据查询出来，然后拼接成一个table用于显示其内容

package servlet;
 
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;
 
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 
import bean.Hero;
import dao.HeroDAO;
 
public class HeroListServlet extends HttpServlet {
 
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
            throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html; charset=UTF-8");
         
        List<Hero> heros = new HeroDAO().list();
 
        StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
        sb.append("<table align='center' border='1' cellspacing='0'>\r\n");
        sb.append("<tr><td>id</td><td>name</td><td>hp</td><td>damage</td></tr>\r\n");
 
        String trFormat = "<tr><td>%d</td><td>%s</td><td>%f</td><td>%d</td></tr>\r\n";
 
        for (Hero hero : heros) {
            String tr = String.format(trFormat, hero.getId(), hero.getName(), hero.getHp(), hero.getDamage());
            sb.append(tr);
        }
 
        sb.append("</table>");
 
        response.getWriter().write(sb.toString());
 
    }
}

配置web.xml

在web.xml中把路径 listHero映射到HeroListServlet上。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app>
 
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>HelloServlet</servlet-class>
        <load-on-startup>10</load-on-startup>
    </servlet>
 
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>HelloServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
     
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>LoginServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
 
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>LoginServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/login</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>   
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>RegisterServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>RegisterServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
 
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>RegisterServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/register</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
     
        <servlet>
        <servlet-name>HeroListServlet</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>servlet.HeroListServlet</servlet-class>
    </servlet>
 
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>HeroListServlet</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/listHero</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>   
         
</web-app>