Filter过滤器-Filter基础

• Filter概念
  
  Filter就像一个一个哨卡，用户的请求需要经过Filter
  并且可以有多个过滤器
  
• 编写 FirstFilter
  
  开发一个简单的FirstFilter，用来打印用户访问ip地址和访问的页面
  

  HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;

  doFilter()方法中的req参数的类型是ServletRequest，需要转换为HttpServletRequest类型方便调用某些方法 (参考request常见方法)
  
  

  String ip = request.getRemoteAddr();

  获取来路用户的ip地址
  
  

  String url = request.getRequestURL().toString();

  获取用户访问的页面地址
  
  

  System.out.printf("%s %s 访问了 %s%n", date, ip, url);

  在控制台打印出来
  
  

  chain.doFilter(request, response);
  

  过滤器放行，表示继续运行下一个过滤器，或者最终访问的某个servlet,jsp,html等等
  
  

  package filter;
   
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
  import java.util.Date;
   
  import javax.servlet.Filter;
  import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
  import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
  import javax.servlet.ServletException;
  import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
  import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
  import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
  import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
   
  public class FirstFilter implements Filter {
   
      @Override
      public void destroy() {
   
      }
   
      @Override
      public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain)
              throws IOException, ServletException {
          HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
          HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
   
          String ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
          String url = request.getRequestURL().toString();
          SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
          Date d = new Date();
          String date = sdf.format(d);
   
          System.out.printf("%s %s 访问了 %s%n", date, ip, url);
          chain.doFilter(request, response);
      }
   
      @Override
      public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
   
      }
   
  }

• 配置web.xml
  
  在web.xml中进行filter的配置，和servlet的配置很类似
  

  <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>

  表示所有的访问都会过滤
  
  如果配置成
  

  <url-pattern>*.jsp</url-pattern>

  就表示只过滤jsp
  

  <filter>
      <filter-name>FirstFilter</filter-name>
      <filter-class>filter.FirstFilter</filter-class>
  </filter>
   
  <filter-mapping>
      <filter-name>FirstFilter</filter-name>
      <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>

• 访问页面
  
  重启tomcat,所有用户的访问信息，都可以打印出来
  
• init() 方法
  
  与Servlet需要配置自启动才会随着tomcat的启动而执行init()方法不一样。
  Filter一定会随着tomcat的启动自启动。
  
  

  package filter;
   
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
  import java.util.Date;
   
  import javax.servlet.Filter;
  import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
  import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
  import javax.servlet.ServletException;
  import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
  import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
  import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
  import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
   
  public class FirstFilter implements Filter {
   
      @Override
      public void destroy() {
   
      }
   
      @Override
      public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain)
              throws IOException, ServletException {
          HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
          HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
   
          String ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
          String url = request.getRequestURL().toString();
          SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
          Date d = new Date();
          String date = sdf.format(d);
   
          System.out.printf("%s %s 访问了 %s%n", date, ip, url);
          chain.doFilter(request, response);
      }
   
      @Override
      public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
          System.out.println("First Filter init()");
      }
   
  }

• Filter启动失败
  
  Filter是web应用非常重要的一个环节，如果Filter启动失败，或者本身有编译错误，不仅这个Filter不能使用，整个web应用会启动失败，导致用户无法访问页面
  在启动tomcat过程中，也会看到这样的字样： 
  
  严重: Context [] startup failed due to previous errors
  
  这常常用于提示Filter启动失败了
  
  

  package filter;
   
  import java.io.IOException;
  import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
  import java.util.Date;
  import javax.servlet.Filter;
  import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
  import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
  import javax.servlet.ServletException;
  import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
  import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
  import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
  import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
   
  public class FirstFilter implements Filter {
   
      @Override
      public void destroy() {
   
      }
   
      @Override
      public void doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res, FilterChain chain)
              throws IOException, ServletException {
          HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;
          HttpServletResponse response = (HttpServletResponse) res;
   
          String ip = request.getRemoteAddr();
          String url = request.getRequestURL().toString();
          SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");
          Date d = new Date();
          String date = sdf.format(d);
   
          System.out.printf("%s %s 访问了 %s%n", date, ip, url);
          chain.doFilter(request, response);
      }
   
      @Override
      public void init(FilterConfig arg0) throws ServletException {
          System.out.println("故意造成一个异常");
   
          Object o = null;
          o.toString();
   
      }
   
  }