在本知识点中,讲演示如何使用注解的方式完成注入对象中的效果
- 修改applicationContext.xml
1. 在15行添加
表示告诉Spring要用注解的方式进行配置<context:annotation-config/>
2. 注入对象的21行注释掉,这个行为在后面将使用注解来完成
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd"> <context:annotation-config/> <bean name="c" class="com.how2java.pojo.Category"> <property name="name" value="category 1" /> </bean> <bean name="p" class="com.how2java.pojo.Product"> <property name="name" value="product1" /> <!-- <property name="category" ref="c" /> --> </bean> </beans>
- @Autowired
在Product.java的category属性前加上@Autowired注解
@Autowired private Category category;
package com.how2java.pojo; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; public class Product { private int id; private String name; @Autowired private Category category; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Category getCategory() { return category; } public void setCategory(Category category) { this.category = category; } }
- 运行测试
package com.how2java.test; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; import com.how2java.pojo.Product; public class TestSpring { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] { "applicationContext.xml" }); Product p = (Product) context.getBean("p"); System.out.println(p.getName()); System.out.println(p.getCategory().getName()); } }
- @Autowired的位置
除了前面的 在属性前加上@Autowired 这种方式外,也可以在setCategory方法前加上@Autowired,这样来达到相同的效果
@Autowired public void setCategory(Category category)
package com.how2java.pojo; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; public class Product { private int id; private String name; private Category category; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Category getCategory() { return category; } @Autowired public void setCategory(Category category) { this.category = category; } }
- @Resource
除了@Autowired之外,@Resource也是常用的手段
@Resource(name="c") private Category category;
package com.how2java.pojo; import javax.annotation.Resource; public class Product { private int id; private String name; @Resource(name="c") private Category category; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Category getCategory() { return category; } public void setCategory(Category category) { this.category = category; } }
- 对Bean的注解
上述例子是对注入对象行为的注解,那么bean对象本身,比如Category,Product可不可以移出applicationContext.xml配置文件,也通过注解进行呢?
接下来就讲解如何对Bean进行注解配置 - applicationContext.xml
修改applicationContext.xml,什么都去掉,只新增:
其作用是告诉Spring,bean都放在com.how2java.pojo这个包下<context:component-scan base-package="com.how2java.pojo"/>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation=" http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd"> <context:component-scan base-package="com.how2java.pojo"/> </beans>
- @Component
为Product类加上@Component注解,即表明此类是bean
@Component("p") public class Product {
为Category 类加上@Component注解,即表明此类是bean
@Component("c") public class Category {
另外,因为配置从applicationContext.xml中移出来了,所以属性初始化放在属性声明上进行了。
private String name="product 1"; private String name="category 1";
package com.how2java.pojo; import javax.annotation.Resource; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component("p") public class Product { private int id; private String name="product 1"; @Autowired private Category category; public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } public Category getCategory() { return category; } public void setCategory(Category category) { this.category = category; } }
package com.how2java.pojo; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component("c") public class Category { public int getId() { return id; } public void setId(int id) { this.id = id; } public String getName() { return name; } public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } private int id; private String name="category 1"; }
- 运行测试
运行TestSpring,可以发现运行结果是一样的
package com.how2java.test; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; import com.how2java.pojo.Product; public class TestSpring { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[] { "applicationContext.xml" }); Product p = (Product) context.getBean("p"); System.out.println(p.getName()); System.out.println(p.getCategory().getName()); } }