centos 7.5创建mysql

准备工作：

1.查看系统是否安装mysql

rpm -qa | grep -i mysql

2.如何卸载mysql 

rpm -e --nodeps xxxx

3./usr/local/路径下创建mysql的目录 

mkdir /usr/local/mysql

4.wget 下载mysql库

官网地址：MySQL :: Download MySQL Community Server (Archived Versions)https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/

wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/MySQL-5.5.49-.linux2.6.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar

也可以离线下载mysql库上传到创建的目录下（如何将文件移动到linux系统下，参考文章：CSDN）

解压缩文件

tar -xvf /usr/local/mysql/mysql-5.7.9-1.el5.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar -C /usr/local/mysql

这里用的MySQL Community 版本：这是MySQL的主要版本，是一个开源的免费版本，适用于开发和生产环境

然后安装 报错

参考文章：rpm安装mysql5.7.9_you are using mysql as an anonymous user and anony-CSDN博客

说是有安装顺序好吧再来一次

卸载掉linux原本有的mariadb库

rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64

还是报错

warning: mysql-community-common-5.7.9-1.el5.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY

查询说是yum安装了旧版本的GPG keys造成的 解决办法：
后面加上 --force --nodeps，还是报错但是好像成功了

查看mysql是否启动

[root@localhost ~]# sudo systemctl status mysqld

[root@localhost mysqld]# systemctl status mysqld
● mysqld.service - SYSV: MySQL database server.
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: failed (Result: exit-code) since Fri 2024-02-02 17:00:10 CST; 10min ago
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
  Process: 17208 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start (code=exited, status=1/FAILURE)

Feb 02 17:00:10 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting SYSV: MySQL database server....
Feb 02 17:00:10 localhost.localdomain mysqld[17208]: Initializing MySQL database:  2024-02-02T09:00:10.752302Z 0 [Warning] TI...ils).
Feb 02 17:00:10 localhost.localdomain mysqld[17208]: 2024-02-02T09:00:10.758763Z 0 [ERROR] --initialize specified but the dat...ting.
Feb 02 17:00:10 localhost.localdomain mysqld[17208]: 2024-02-02T09:00:10.758882Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting
Feb 02 17:00:10 localhost.localdomain mysqld[17208]: [FAILED]
Feb 02 17:00:10 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: mysqld.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1
Feb 02 17:00:10 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Failed to start SYSV: MySQL database server..
Feb 02 17:00:10 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Unit mysqld.service entered failed state.
Feb 02 17:00:10 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: mysqld.service failed.
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

[root@localhost mysqld]# ps -ef | grep mysql（查看当前有这个进程）
root     17318  1643  0 17:12 pts/0    00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql

[root@localhost mysqld]# kill 1643（kill掉进程再启动）

[root@localhost mysqld]# systemctl start mysqld（出现报错）
Job for mysqld.service failed because the control process exited with error code. See "systemctl status mysqld.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

[root@localhost mysqld]# journalctl -xe（查看日志）
Feb 02 17:09:59 localhost.localdomain postfix/master[14996]: warning: process /usr/libexec/postfix/pickup pid 17309 exit status 127
Feb 02 17:09:59 localhost.localdomain postfix/master[14996]: warning: /usr/libexec/postfix/pickup: bad command startup -- throttling
Feb 02 17:10:59 localhost.localdomain postfix/master[14996]: warning: process /usr/libexec/postfix/pickup pid 17314 exit status 127
Feb 02 17:10:59 localhost.localdomain postfix/master[14996]: warning: /usr/libexec/postfix/pickup: bad command startup -- throttling
Feb 02 17:11:59 localhost.localdomain postfix/master[14996]: warning: process /usr/libexec/postfix/pickup pid 17316 exit status 127
Feb 02 17:11:59 localhost.localdomain postfix/master[14996]: warning: /usr/libexec/postfix/pickup: bad command startup -- throttling
Feb 02 17:12:59 localhost.localdomain postfix/master[14996]: warning: process /usr/libexec/postfix/pickup pid 17324 exit status 127
Feb 02 17:12:59 localhost.localdomain postfix/master[14996]: warning: /usr/libexec/postfix/pickup: bad command startup -- throttling
Feb 02 17:13:59 localhost.localdomain postfix/master[14996]: warning: process /usr/libexec/postfix/pickup pid 17325 exit status 127
Feb 02 17:13:59 localhost.localdomain postfix/master[14996]: warning: /usr/libexec/postfix/pickup: bad command startup -- throttling
Feb 02 17:14:59 localhost.localdomain postfix/master[14996]: warning: process /usr/libexec/postfix/pickup pid 17326 exit status 127
Feb 02 17:14:59 localhost.localdomain postfix/master[14996]: warning: /usr/libexec/postfix/pickup: bad command startup -- throttling
Feb 02 17:15:28 localhost.localdomain polkitd[15165]: Registered Authentication Agent for unix-process:17327:1875666611 (system bus n
Feb 02 17:15:28 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting SYSV: MySQL database server....
-- Subject: Unit mysqld.service has begun start-up
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
-- 
-- Unit mysqld.service has begun starting up.
Feb 02 17:15:28 localhost.localdomain mysqld[17333]: Initializing MySQL database:  2024-02-02T09:15:28.764573Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP 
Feb 02 17:15:28 localhost.localdomain mysqld[17333]: 2024-02-02T09:15:28.770303Z 0 [ERROR] --initialize specified but the data direct
Feb 02 17:15:28 localhost.localdomain mysqld[17333]: 2024-02-02T09:15:28.770412Z 0 [ERROR] Aborting
Feb 02 17:15:28 localhost.localdomain mysqld[17333]: [FAILED]
Feb 02 17:15:28 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: mysqld.service: control process exited, code=exited status=1
Feb 02 17:15:28 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Failed to start SYSV: MySQL database server..
-- Subject: Unit mysqld.service has failed
-- Defined-By: systemd
-- Support: http://lists.freedesktop.org/mailman/listinfo/systemd-devel
-- 
-- Unit mysqld.service has failed.
-- 
-- The result is failed.
Feb 02 17:15:28 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Unit mysqld.service entered failed state.
Feb 02 17:15:28 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: mysqld.service failed.
Feb 02 17:15:28 localhost.localdomain polkitd[15165]: Unregistered Authentication Agent for unix-process:17327:1875666611 (system bus

[root@localhost mysqld]# cat /etc/my.cnf（查看配置文件）
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html

[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0

log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

[root@localhost mysqld]# vi /etc/my.cnf（修改配置文件）

datadir=/var/lib/mysql/data

[root@localhost mysqld]# cd /var/lib/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# ls
ca-key.pem  ca.pem  client-cert.pem  client-key.pem  private_key.pem  public_key.pem  server-cert.pem  server-key.pem
[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir data(创建一个data目录)

[root@localhost mysql]# ls -l
total 32
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1675 Feb  2 16:31 ca-key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1070 Feb  2 16:31 ca.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1078 Feb  2 16:31 client-cert.pem
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1679 Feb  2 16:31 client-key.pem
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root  root     6 Feb  2 17:27 data
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1679 Feb  2 16:31 private_key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql  451 Feb  2 16:31 public_key.pem
-rw-r--r--. 1 mysql mysql 1078 Feb  2 16:31 server-cert.pem
-rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 1679 Feb  2 16:31 server-key.pem

[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl start mysqld（再次启动正常）

[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl status mysqld

● mysqld.service - SYSV: MySQL database server.
   Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld; bad; vendor preset: disabled)
   Active: active (running) since Fri 2024-02-02 17:28:10 CST; 9s ago
     Docs: man:systemd-sysv-generator(8)
  Process: 17401 ExecStart=/etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
 Main PID: 17686 (mysqld)
   CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service
           ├─17490 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql/data --socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock --pid-file=/var/r...
           └─17686 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql/data --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --user=mysql...

Feb 02 17:28:03 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting SYSV: MySQL database server....
Feb 02 17:28:07 localhost.localdomain mysqld[17401]: Initializing MySQL database:  [  OK  ]
Feb 02 17:28:10 localhost.localdomain mysqld[17401]: Starting mysqld:  [  OK  ]
Feb 02 17:28:10 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: mysqld.service: Supervising process 17686 which is not our child. We'll mo...exits.
Feb 02 17:28:10 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started SYSV: MySQL database server..
Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.

查看mysql临时root密码

[root@localhost mysql]# sudo grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log

登录进去：

[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -u root -p

重置密码

mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'XXXXXXX（这是新密码）';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)