js下载文件到本地各种方法总结，解决火狐浏览器下载文件直接打开问题不是下载

！！！总是碰到下载文件的需求，在这里统一整理一下方法

 

一、此方法火狐有些版本是不支持的

window.location.href = 'https://*****.oss-cn-**.aliyuncs.com/*********';

二、为了解决火狐有些版本不支持,可以改成这种方式

window.location='https://*****.oss-cn-**.aliyuncs.com/*********';

三、该方法IE和火狐都可以,url表示要下载的文件路径:

function(url){
    try {
          var elemIF = document.createElement("iframe");
          elemIF.src = url;
          elemIF.style.display = "none";
          document.body.appendChild(elemIF);
        } catch (e) {
          alert("下载异常！");
        }
}

四、form表单的形式

downloadFile(url){
      var form=$("<form>");
      form.attr("style","display:none");
      form.attr("target","");
      form.attr("method","get"); 
     form.attr("action",url);
      $("body").append(form);
      form.submit();//表单提交}
}

五、a标签的方式

function(url,name){
    var a = document.createElement("a");
     a.download = name + ".xls";
     a.href = url;
     $("body").append(a); // 修复firefox中无法触发click
     a.click();
     $(a).remove();
}

六、假如后台给的文件流

function (formData, url, name) {
  return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
    xhr.open("POST", url, true); // 也可以使用POST方式，根据接口
    xhr.responseType = "blob"; // 返回类型blob
    // 定义请求完成的处理函数，请求前也可以增加加载框/禁用下载按钮逻辑
    xhr.onload = function () {
      // 请求完成
      if (this.status === 200) {
        // 返回200
        var blob = this.response;
        var reader = new FileReader();
        reader.readAsDataURL(blob); // 转换为base64，可以直接放入a表情href
        reader.onload = function (e) {
          // 转换完成，创建一个a标签用于下载
          var a = document.createElement("a");
          a.download = name + ".xls";
          a.href = e.target.result;
          $("body").append(a); // 修复firefox中无法触发click
          a.click();
          resolve(200)
          $(a).remove();
        };
      }
    };
    // 发送ajax请求
    xhr.send(formData);
  })
};

七、download.js

我粘贴一下download的源码

//download.js v4.2, by dandavis; 2008-2016. [CCBY2] see http://danml.com/download.html for tests/usage
// v1 landed a FF+Chrome compat way of downloading strings to local un-named files, upgraded to use a hidden frame and optional mime
// v2 added named files via a[download], msSaveBlob, IE (10+) support, and window.URL support for larger+faster saves than dataURLs
// v3 added dataURL and Blob Input, bind-toggle arity, and legacy dataURL fallback was improved with force-download mime and base64 support. 3.1 improved safari handling.
// v4 adds AMD/UMD, commonJS, and plain browser support
// v4.1 adds url download capability via solo URL argument (same domain/CORS only)
// v4.2 adds semantic variable names, long (over 2MB) dataURL support, and hidden by default temp anchors
// https://github.com/rndme/download

(function (root, factory) {
	if (typeof define === 'function' && define.amd) {
		// AMD. Register as an anonymous module.
		define([], factory);
	} else if (typeof exports === 'object') {
		// Node. Does not work with strict CommonJS, but
		// only CommonJS-like environments that support module.exports,
		// like Node.
		module.exports = factory();
	} else {
		// Browser globals (root is window)
		root.download = factory();
  }
}(this, function () {

	return function download(data, strFileName, strMimeType) {

		var self = window, // this script is only for browsers anyway...
			defaultMime = "application/octet-stream", // this default mime also triggers iframe downloads
			mimeType = strMimeType || defaultMime,
			payload = data,
			url = !strFileName && !strMimeType && payload,
			anchor = document.createElement("a"),
			toString = function(a){return String(a);},
			myBlob = (self.Blob || self.MozBlob || self.WebKitBlob || toString),
			fileName = strFileName || "download",
			blob,
			reader;
			myBlob= myBlob.call ? myBlob.bind(self) : Blob ;
	  
		if(String(this)==="true"){ //reverse arguments, allowing download.bind(true, "text/xml", "export.xml") to act as a callback
			payload=[payload, mimeType];
			mimeType=payload[0];
			payload=payload[1];
		}


		if(url && url.length< 2048){ // if no filename and no mime, assume a url was passed as the only argument
			fileName = url.split("/").pop().split("?")[0];
			anchor.href = url; // assign href prop to temp anchor
		  	if(anchor.href.indexOf(url) !== -1){ // if the browser determines that it's a potentially valid url path:
        		var ajax=new XMLHttpRequest();
        		ajax.open( "GET", url, true);
        		ajax.responseType = 'blob';
        		ajax.onload= function(e){ 
				  download(e.target.response, fileName, defaultMime);
				};
        		setTimeout(function(){ ajax.send();}, 0); // allows setting custom ajax headers using the return:
			    return ajax;
			} // end if valid url?
		} // end if url?


		//go ahead and download dataURLs right away
		if(/^data\:[\w+\-]+\/[\w+\-]+[,;]/.test(payload)){
		
			if(payload.length > (1024*1024*1.999) && myBlob !== toString ){
				payload=dataUrlToBlob(payload);
				mimeType=payload.type || defaultMime;
			}else{			
				return navigator.msSaveBlob ?  // IE10 can't do a[download], only Blobs:
					navigator.msSaveBlob(dataUrlToBlob(payload), fileName) :
					saver(payload) ; // everyone else can save dataURLs un-processed
			}
			
		}//end if dataURL passed?

		blob = payload instanceof myBlob ?
			payload :
			new myBlob([payload], {type: mimeType}) ;


		function dataUrlToBlob(strUrl) {
			var parts= strUrl.split(/[:;,]/),
			type= parts[1],
			decoder= parts[2] == "base64" ? atob : decodeURIComponent,
			binData= decoder( parts.pop() ),
			mx= binData.length,
			i= 0,
			uiArr= new Uint8Array(mx);

			for(i;i<mx;++i) uiArr[i]= binData.charCodeAt(i);

			return new myBlob([uiArr], {type: type});
		 }

		function saver(url, winMode){

			if ('download' in anchor) { //html5 A[download]
				anchor.href = url;
				anchor.setAttribute("download", fileName);
				anchor.className = "download-js-link";
				anchor.innerHTML = "downloading...";
				anchor.style.display = "none";
				document.body.appendChild(anchor);
				setTimeout(function() {
					anchor.click();
					document.body.removeChild(anchor);
					if(winMode===true){setTimeout(function(){ self.URL.revokeObjectURL(anchor.href);}, 250 );}
				}, 66);
				return true;
			}

			// handle non-a[download] safari as best we can:
			if(/(Version)\/(\d+)\.(\d+)(?:\.(\d+))?.*Safari\//.test(navigator.userAgent)) {
				url=url.replace(/^data:([\w\/\-\+]+)/, defaultMime);
				if(!window.open(url)){ // popup blocked, offer direct download:
					if(confirm("Displaying New Document\n\nUse Save As... to download, then click back to return to this page.")){ location.href=url; }
				}
				return true;
			}

			//do iframe dataURL download (old ch+FF):
			var f = document.createElement("iframe");
			document.body.appendChild(f);

			if(!winMode){ // force a mime that will download:
				url="data:"+url.replace(/^data:([\w\/\-\+]+)/, defaultMime);
			}
			f.src=url;
			setTimeout(function(){ document.body.removeChild(f); }, 333);

		}//end saver




		if (navigator.msSaveBlob) { // IE10+ : (has Blob, but not a[download] or URL)
			return navigator.msSaveBlob(blob, fileName);
		}

		if(self.URL){ // simple fast and modern way using Blob and URL:
			saver(self.URL.createObjectURL(blob), true);
		}else{
			// handle non-Blob()+non-URL browsers:
			if(typeof blob === "string" || blob.constructor===toString ){
				try{
					return saver( "data:" +  mimeType   + ";base64,"  +  self.btoa(blob)  );
				}catch(y){
					return saver( "data:" +  mimeType   + "," + encodeURIComponent(blob)  );
				}
			}

			// Blob but not URL support:
			reader=new FileReader();
			reader.onload=function(e){
				saver(this.result);
			};
			reader.readAsDataURL(blob);
		}
		return true;
	}; /* end download() */
}));

用法：

download(fileUrl,name,"video/mp4");

具体更多的用法请参考官网，

注意 download.js第一个参数 是数据流，不是像oss那样的文件地址