Centos7系统，oracle12c自启动设置

1. --- 能够实现开机启动Oracle
   
2. --- 重启、关闭服务器的时候能先关闭
   
3. --- Oracle可以用service命令启、停Oracle
   
4. 
   
5. 1. 修改Oracle系统配置文件：/etc/oratab //oratab格式：SID:ORACLE_HOME:AUTO
   
6. # vi /etc/oratab
   
7. orcl:/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/:Y
   
8. 
   
9. 在 /etc/init.d/ 下创建文件oracle，内容如下：
   
10. 
    
11. #!/bin/sh
    
12. # chkconfig: 35 80 10
    
13. # description: Oracle auto start-stop script.
    
14. 
    
15. #
    
16. # Set ORA_HOME to be equivalent to the $ORACLE_HOME
    
17. # from which you wish to execute dbstart and dbshut;
    
18. #
    
19. # Set ORA_OWNER to the user id of the owner of the
    
20. # Oracle database in ORA_HOME.
    
21. ORA_HOME=/opt/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1
    
22. ORA_OWNER=oracle
    
23. if [ ! -f $ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart ]
    
24. then
    
25.     echo "Oracle startup: cannot start"
    
26.     exit
    
27. fi
    
28. case "$1" in
    
29. 'start')
    
30. # Start the Oracle databases:
    
31. echo "Starting Oracle Databases ... "
    
32. echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
    
33. date +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Databasee as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle
    
34. echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
    
35. su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbstart" >>/var/log/oracle
    
36. echo "Done"
    
37. # Start the Listener:
    
38. echo "Starting Oracle Listeners ... "
    
39. echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
    
40. date +" %T %a %D : Starting Oracle Listeners as part of system up." >> /var/log/oracle
    
41. echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
    
42. su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl start" >>/var/log/oracle
    
43. echo "Done."
    
44. echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
    
45. date +" %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle
    
46. echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
    
47. touch /var/lock/subsys/oracle
    
48. ;;
    
49. 
    
50. 'stop')
    
51. # Stop the Oracle Listener:
    
52. echo "Stoping Oracle Listeners ... "
    
53. echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
    
54. date +" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Listener as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle
    
55. echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
    
56. su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop" >>/var/log/oracle
    
57. echo "Done."
    
58. rm -f /var/lock/subsys/oracle
    
59. # Stop the Oracle Database:
    
60. echo "Stoping Oracle Databases ... "
    
61. echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
    
62. date +" %T %a %D : Stoping Oracle Databases as part of system down." >> /var/log/oracle
    
63. echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
    
64. su - $ORA_OWNER -c "$ORA_HOME/bin/dbshut" >>/var/log/oracle
    
65. echo "Done."
    
66. echo ""
    
67. echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
    
68. date +" %T %a %D : Finished." >> /var/log/oracle
    
69. echo "-------------------------------------------------" >> /var/log/oracle
    
70. ;;
    
71. 
    
72. 'restart')
    
73. $0 stop
    
74. $0 start
    
75. ;;
    
76. esac
    
77. 
    
78. 3. 改变文件权限
    
79. # chmod 755 /etc/init.d/oracle
    
80. 
    
81. 4. 添加服务
    
82. # chkconfig --level 35 oracle on
    
83. 
    
84. 5. 需要在重新启动时停止数据库，做一下操作
    
85. # ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc0.d/K01oracle   //关机
    
86. # ln -s /etc/init.d/oracle /etc/rc6.d/K01oracle   //重启
    
87. 
    
88. 6. 使用方法
    
89. # service oracle start //启动oracle
    
90. # service oracle stop //关闭oracle

关闭，或者启动时可能会报错，提示dbstart或dbshut权限不足.
 1.修改dbstart和dbshut的日志文件的权限： 
$su - root 
#cd $ORACLE_HOME 
#chown oracle:oinstall $ORACLE_HOME/startup.log 
#chown oracle:oinstall $ORACLE_HOME/shutdown.log 
#chown oracle:oinstall $ORACLE_HOME/listener.log

使用命令vi /etc/rc.d/rc.local编辑rc.local文件，添加如下内容

##### what I have written is as following

su oracle -lc "/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/lsnrctl start"

su oracle -lc "/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/dbstart"

#####Finished wrote in 2015-12-24

说明：因为第一行命令中有空格所以用双引号（英文的双引号）

/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1为oracle的安装目录，要根据实际情况进行修改

 

打开PDB（orclpdb）：

解决方法：

sqlplus /nolog

conn /as sysdba

selectname,open_modefrom v$pdbs;

alterpluggable database orclpdb open;

Oracle12c的自启动配置过程，共分三步：

第一步：su至root用户下编辑/etc/oratab，把N修改为Y：

输入gedit /etc/oratab

最后一行修改为orcl: /home/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:Y;

保存退出；

第二步：以oracle编辑$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart，找到ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=修改为自己的路径，或者输入：

cd $ORACLE_HOME

cd bin

gedit dbstart

将$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1修改为$ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME

保存退出。这时oracle用户就可以通过命令dbstart和dbshut打开和关闭数据库；

第三步：将备份好的oracle服务文件以root用户传至/etc/rc.d/init.d文件夹下，使用root用户执行以下命令。su至root用户下，输入：

cd/etc/rc.d/init.d

chmod 755 oracle

/sbin/chkconfig--add oracle （若直接在root用户下则执行chkconfig --add oracle）

重启系统，oracle12c就会自动启动。

但是oracle12c这样只打开了CDB（ContainerDataBase数据库容器），PDB（Pluggable DataBase可插拔数据库）ORCLPDB依然是mounted状态，可以在打开数据库后，使用命令：

sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL> alter pluggable database pdb01 open;

配置PDB自启动，我们可以通过触发器来实现pdbs随着CDB自动启动：

SQL>CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER open_pdbs

AFTER STARTUP ON DATABASE

BEGIN

EXECUTE IMMEDIATE 'ALTER PLUGGABLE DATABASEALL OPEN';

END open_pdbs;

/

Trigger created.

sqlplus / as sysdba

查看PDB数据状态

select con_id,name,open_mode from v$pdbs;

alter pluggable database ORCLPDB open;

alter session set container=ORCLPDB;

commit;