Android OpenGL快速绘制多边形

OpenGL ES是OpenGL（Open Graphics Library）的精简子集，是以手持和嵌入式设备为目标的高级3D图形API，我们开始尝试在Android开发中通过OpenGL ES快速绘制形状

创建GLSurfaceView

GLSurfaceView就是OpenGL的视图容器

package com.kotlin.demo.gl

import android.content.Context
import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView
import android.util.AttributeSet

class MyGLSurfaceView(context: Context?,attrs: AttributeSet?) : GLSurfaceView(context,attrs) {
    val mRenderer:MyGLRenderer
    init {
        setEGLContextClientVersion(2)
        mRenderer = MyGLRenderer()
        setRenderer(mRenderer)
        // RENDERMODE_WHEN_DIRTY：surface在创建后调用一次, 或者在开发者主动调用MyGLSurfaceView的requestRender时才会调用GLSurfaceView.Renderer去绘制
        //RENDERMODE_CONTINUOUSLY：自动连续调用GLSurfaceView.Renderer去绘制，绘制时会执行GLSurfaceView.Renderer的onDrawFrame()方法；
        renderMode = RENDERMODE_WHEN_DIRTY
    }
}

定义绘制多边形

OpenGL使用FloatBuffer来管理顶点数据提高效率，所以需要将坐标系转换成FloatBuffer对象

package com.kotlin.demo.gl

import android.opengl.GLES20
import android.util.Log
import java.nio.ByteBuffer
import java.nio.ByteOrder
import java.nio.FloatBuffer

class ShapeGL(pointsList:ArrayList<FloatArray>,colorList:ArrayList<FloatArray>) {
    val TAG = "ShapeGL"
    val mPointsList = pointsList
    val mColorList = colorList
    var vertexBuffers = mutableListOf<FloatBuffer>()

    /**
     * 顶点着色器
     */
    private val vertexShaderCode =
        "attribute vec4 vPosition;" +
                "void main() {" +
                "  gl_Position = vPosition;" +
                "}"

    /**
     * 片段着色器
     */
    private val fragmentShaderCode =
        "precision mediump float;" +
                "uniform vec4 vColor;" +
                "void main() {" +
                "  gl_FragColor = vColor;" +
                "}"
    /**
     * 着色器程序ID引用
     */
    private var mProgram: Int

    init {
        for (points in mPointsList){
            var vertexBuffer: FloatBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(points.size * 4)
                .order(ByteOrder.nativeOrder()).asFloatBuffer().apply {
                    // 把坐标添加到FloatBuffer
                    put(points)
                    // 设置buffer的位置为起始点0
                    position(0)
                }
            vertexBuffers.add(vertexBuffer)
        }
        // 编译顶点着色器和片段着色器
        val vertexShader: Int = loadShader(GLES20.GL_VERTEX_SHADER, vertexShaderCode)
        val fragmentShader: Int = loadShader(GLES20.GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER, fragmentShaderCode)
        // glCreateProgram函数创建一个着色器程序，并返回新创建程序对象的ID引用
        mProgram = GLES20.glCreateProgram().also {
            // 把顶点着色器添加到程序对象
            GLES20.glAttachShader(it, vertexShader)
            // 把片段着色器添加到程序对象
            GLES20.glAttachShader(it, fragmentShader)
            // 连接并创建一个可执行的OpenGL ES程序对象
            GLES20.glLinkProgram(it)
        }
    }
    private fun loadShader(type: Int, shaderCode: String): Int {
        // glCreateShader函数创建一个顶点着色器或者片段着色器,并返回新创建着色器的ID引用
        val shader = GLES20.glCreateShader(type)
        // 把着色器和代码关联,然后编译着色器
        GLES20.glShaderSource(shader, shaderCode)
        GLES20.glCompileShader(shader)
        return shader
    }

    val COORDS_PER_VERTEX = 3
    private val vertexStride: Int = COORDS_PER_VERTEX * 4 // 4 bytes per vertex

    fun draw() {
        // 激活着色器程序,把程序添加到OpenGL ES环境
        GLES20.glUseProgram(mProgram)
        // 获取顶点着色器中的vPosition变量
        val position = GLES20.glGetAttribLocation(mProgram, "vPosition")
        // 允许操作顶点对象position
        GLES20.glEnableVertexAttribArray(position)
        // 将顶点数据传递给position指向的vPosition变量;将顶点属性与顶点缓冲对象关联
        for (i in 0 until vertexBuffers.size){
            GLES20.glVertexAttribPointer(
                position, COORDS_PER_VERTEX, GLES20.GL_FLOAT,
                false, vertexStride, vertexBuffers[i])
            // 获取片段着色器中的vColor变量
            val colorHandle = GLES20.glGetUniformLocation(mProgram, "vColor")
            // 通过colorHandle设置绘制的颜色值
            GLES20.glUniform4fv(colorHandle, 1, mColorList[i], 0)
            // 绘制顶点数组;
            GLES20.glDrawArrays(GLES20.GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, 0, mPointsList[i].size/ COORDS_PER_VERTEX)
        }
        // 操作完后,取消允许操作顶点对象position
        GLES20.glDisableVertexAttribArray(position)
    }
}

创建Renderer

Renderer负责实际的绘制工作，这里定义两个图形进行绘制，传入两组坐标和颜色

package com.kotlin.demo.gl

import android.opengl.GLES20
import android.opengl.GLES30
import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView
import javax.microedition.khronos.egl.EGLConfig
import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10

class MyGLRenderer:GLSurfaceView.Renderer {
    private lateinit var shapeGL: ShapeGL
    var points = floatArrayOf(
        -0.5f, 0.3f, 0f,
        -0.7f, -0.2f, 0f,
        -0f, -0f, 0f,
        0.7f, -0.3f, 0f,
        0.9f, 0.2f, 0f,
    )
    val color = floatArrayOf(148.0f, 0.0f, 211f,1.0f)
    var points1 = floatArrayOf(
        -0.5f, 0.9f, 0f,
        -0.7f, 0.5f, 0f,
        0.7f, 0.6f, 0f
    )
    val color1 = floatArrayOf(0.0f, 0.0f, 255f,1.0f)
    override fun onSurfaceCreated(gl: GL10?, config: EGLConfig?) {
        // 设置背景色
        GLES20.glClearColor(0.0f, 255.0f, 255.0f, 1.0f)
        shapeGL = ShapeGL(arrayListOf(points,points1), arrayListOf(color,color1))
    }

    override fun onSurfaceChanged(gl: GL10?, width: Int, height: Int) {
        // 上面提到OpenGL使用的是标准化设备坐标;
        GLES20.glViewport(0, 0, width, height)
    }

    override fun onDrawFrame(gl: GL10?) {
        GLES20.glClear(GLES20.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT)
        shapeGL.draw()
    }
}

引用OpenGL

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.kotlin.demo">
    <uses-feature android:glEsVersion="0x00020000" android:required="true" />
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context="com.kotlin.GLActivity">

    <com.kotlin.demo.gl.MyGLSurfaceView
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent" />
</androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>

效果