WiX(Windows Installer XML)是Rob Mensching(Windows组的一个SDE)写的一个用来编写MSI安装包的工具集,已经被微软内部的很多产品组采用,例如Office组,以及我所在的MSN组,等等。
下面是WiX的一个简单例子(相当于高级的Hello World!的级别),在这个例子中编写了一个SimpleCopy.msi。安装SimpleCopy.msi将能够:
- 创建C:/Program Files/SimpleCopy目录并拷贝一系列文件;
- 创建HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SOFTWARE/MPG Lab注册表键,该键下的DestPath变量存储了一个文件路径,DestPath可以在msiexec命令行中用DESTPATH来指定;
- 创建名为SimplyCopy的Scheduled Task,该任务每小时运行一次,执行C:/Program Files/SimpleCopy/SimpleCopy.exe,将该目录下data/source.xml拷贝到DestPath中指定的目录;
- Uninstall时,安装时拷贝的文件、创建的注册表键和Scheduled Task都将被删除。
下面就是用WiX编写SimpleCopy.msi的步骤:
1. 从http://sourceforge.net/projects/wix下载wix的2.0.3220.0版本并解压到硬盘,将candle.exe所在的路径添加到Path环境变量中;
2. 用C#编写SimpleCopy.cs并用csc.exe在同一目录下编译成SimpleCopy.exe:
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Reflection;
using Microsoft.Win32;
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namespace SimpleCopy
... {
internal class Application
...{
[STAThread]
private static void Main(string[] args)
...{
string sourcexml = GetExecutableLocation() + @"/data/source.xml";
if (File.Exists(sourcexml))...{
DateTime now = DateTime.Now;
File.Copy(sourcexml, Application.QueryDestPath() +
@"/source_" + now.ToString("yyMMdd_HH.mm.ss") + ".xml", true);
}
else...{
StreamWriter writer = new StreamWriter(QueryDestPath() + @"/error.log", false);
writer.WriteLine(DateTime.Now.ToString());
writer.WriteLine("Cannot find source file: " + sourcexml);
writer.Close();
}
}
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private static string QueryDestPath()
...{
RegistryKey regkey = Registry.LocalMachine.OpenSubKey(@"SOFTWARE/MPG Lab");
if (regkey != null)...{
object obj = regkey.GetValue("DestPath");
if (obj != null)...{
return obj.ToString();
}
}
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if (false == Directory.Exists(GetExecutableLocation() + @"/regkey_not_found"))...{
Directory.CreateDirectory(GetExecutableLocation() + @"/regkey_not_found");
}
return (GetExecutableLocation() + @"/regkey_not_found");
}
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private static string GetExecutableLocation()
...{
return Directory.GetParent(Assembly.GetEntryAssembly().Location).ToString();
}
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}
}
3. 在SimpleCopy.cs同一目录下创建"data"子目录,在data/下创建一个任意内容的source.xml;
4. 在SimpleCopy.cs同一目录下编写SimpleCopy.wxs,其Schema文件wix.xsd可以在wix下载解压后的doc目录中找到。SimpleCopy.wxs内容如下:
xml version='1.0'?>
<Wix xmlns='http://schemas.microsoft.com/wix/2003/01/wi'>
='c859431f-086d-4840-b2d7-a84b3bce50f2' Name='SimpleCopy'
Language='1033' Version='1.0.0.0' Manufacturer='MPG China'>
<Package Id='2738eb03-978b-4712-8e21-7e1868c74c2f' InstallerVersion='200' Compressed='yes' />
<Property Id='DESTPATH' Value ='C:/'/>
='1' Cabinet='product.cab' EmbedCab='yes' />
<Directory Id='TARGETDIR' Name='SourceDir'>
='ProgramFilesFolder' Name='PFiles'>
='AppDirectory' Name='SimpleCp' LongName='SimpleCopy'>
='ExecutableFile' DiskId ='1' Guid ='379ccaeb-a8c9-448e-a4b3-fa9884676492'>
='SimpleCopy_exe' Name='SimpleCp.exe'
LongName='SimpleCopy.exe' src='SimpleCopy.exe' />
Component>
<Directory Id='DataFolder' Name='data'>
='SrcXml' DiskId ='1' Guid ='746496f1-d2b1-4334-9b6f-00f71938c459'>
='Source_xml' Name='source.xml' src='data/source.xml' />
<Registry Id='4e10403a-1976-447f-b38c-59839cb7c5cb' Root='HKLM' Type='string'
Key='SOFTWARE/MPG Lab' Name='DestPath' Value ='[DESTPATH]'/>
>
Directory>
Directory>
Directory>
Directory>
<Feature Id='AllFiles' Title='Simple Copy All Files' Level='1'>
='ExecutableFile' />
<ComponentRef Id='SrcXml' />
Feature>
<InstallExecuteSequence>
<Custom Action='CreateScheduleTask' After='InstallFinalize'>NOT Installed>
<Custom Action='DeleteScheduleTask' After='InstallFinalize'>Installed
>
<Property Id='SCHTASKS'>SCHTASKS.exe
='CreateScheduleTask' Property='SCHTASKS'
ExeCommand='/Create /RU "" /SC HOURLY /TN SimplyCopy /TR "%ProgramFiles%/SimpleCopy/SimpleCopy.exe"'/>
<CustomAction Id='DeleteScheduleTask' Property='SCHTASKS'
ExeCommand='/Delete /TN SimplyCopy /F'/>
Product>
Wix>
5. 打开命令行,进入SimpleCopy.cs所在的目录,先后运行candle SimpleCopy.wxs以及light SimpleCopy.wixobj,然后就得到SimpleCopy.msi了:
6. 在命令行运行“msiexec /i SimpleCopy.msi /quiet /log log.txt DESTPATH=d:/”就可以安装了。
相比较其他MSI编写工具(例如Visual Studio 2003/2005,以及InstallShield等),WiX的优点是:
- 便于版本控制(wxs是纯文本的);
- 便于自动化(编辑工具candle.exe和light.exe都是命令行的)。