第21章 结构化命令case，for，while循环

1.流程控制语句case

case 变量或表达式 in

变量或表达式1)

执行体;;

变量或表达式2)

执行体;;

*)

默认执行体

esac

case $var in

1|a|c)

echo "您输入了1或a或c";;

2|b)

echo "您输入了2或b"

*)

echo "您输入了其它内容"

esac

2.循环语句for-do-done

语法格式

for var in list

do

commands

done

或

for var in list;do

commands

done

例1: 

#!/bin/bash

for var in a1 b1 c1 d1

do

echo the text is $var

done

例2:

#!/bin/bash

for var in a1 b1 'c1 d1'e2 'hello world'

do

echo the text is $var

done

例3:变量中取值

#!/bin/bash

list="a1 b1 c1 d1"

for i in $list

do

echo is a $i

done

例4:命令中取值,以空格做分隔符

#!/bin/bash

for i in `cat /etc/hosts`

do

echo "$i"

done

1. 自定义shell分隔符

IFS=:   以:冒号做分隔符,可以指定多个

IFS='\n:;"'  将反斜杠 n 冒号 分号 双引号作为分隔符

IFS='\n'      将字符\和字符n作为字段分隔符

IFS=$'\n'     使用换行符作为字段分隔符

例5：指定以\n回车作为for语句的分隔符

#!/bin/bash

IFS=$'\n'

for i in `cat /etc/hosts`

do

echo "$i"

done

例6：C语言风格的for

for ((i=0;i<=10;i++))

do

echo num is $i

done

1. while循环语句和循环嵌套

语法格式如下

while 测试命令

do

commands

done

例1：降序输出10到1的数字

#!/bin/bash

var=10

#while [ $var -gt 0 ];do

while (( var>=0 ));do

        echo $var

        #var=$[$var-1]

        #var=$((var-1))

        #((var=var-1))

        let var--

done

1. 嵌套循环

例1：批量添加a.txt文件5个用户

echo mk cd ls find ln > a.txt

#!/bin/bash

#for name in $(cat /root/a.txt);do

for name in `cat /root/a.txt`;do

        id $name &> /dev/null

        if [ $? -ne 0 ];then

                useradd $name

                echo "123456" | passwd --stdin $name &> /dev/null

                echo "user $name created"

        else

                echo "user $name is exist"

        fi

done

例2：打印九九乘法表

#!/bin/bash

for i in `seq 9`

do

for j in `seq $i`

do

echo -n "$i*$j=`echo $(($i*$j))`"

done

echo ""

done

1. 将/opt目录下所有日志文件全自动打包

vim log-back.sh

#!/bin/bash

SRC_DIR=/var/log/

DES_DIR=/opt/backup/`date +%Y%m%d`

if [ ! -d $DES_DIR ];then

mkdir -p $DES_DIR

fi

for i in `find $SRC_DIR -name "*.log"

for i in `find $SRC_DIR -name

do

tar czf $i.tgz $i

done

mv /var/log/*.tgz $DES_DIR

ls -lh $DES_DIR

echo "The scripts exec end,Files tar successfully!"

1. 找出192.168.1.1-10网段中，服务器已经关机的IP地址

vim ping.sh

#!/bin/bash

i=1

for ((i=1;i<10;i++))

do

ping -c 3 192.168.0.$i &> /dev/null

if [ $? -ne 0 ];then

echo 192.168.0.$i is shutdown

fi

done

1. 批量创建账号并生成随机密码

vim adduser.sh

#!/bin/bash

for i in hello{1..10}

do

        id $i &> /dev/null

        if [ ! $? -eq 0 ];then

                useradd $i

                pass=`date +%s|md5sum|cut -c 1-8`

                sleep 1

                echo "$i:$pass" >> /opt/passwd.log

                echo $pass|passwd --stdin $i &> /dev/null

                if [ $? -eq 0 ];then

                        echo "create user $i is successfully!"

                else

                        echo "create user $i is failed!"

                fi

        else

                echo "this is user $i exist"

        fi

done