MDK 使用 malloc free

（1）栈区（stack）：由编译器自动分配和释放，存放函数的参数值、局部变量的值等，其操作方式类似于数据结构中的栈。

（2）堆区（heap）：一般由程序员分配和释放，若程序员不释放，程序结束时可能由操作系统回收。分配方式类似于数据结构中的链表。

（3）全局区（静态区）（static）：全局变量和静态变量的存储是放在一块的，初始化的全局变量和静态变量在一块区域，未初始化的全局变量和未初始化的静态变量在相邻的另一块区域。程序结束后由系统自动释放。

（4）文字常量区：常量字符串就是存放在这里的。

（5）程序代码区：存放函数体的二进制代码。

一、使用 MicroLIB https://blog.csdn.net/electrocrazy/article/details/76241705

直接勾选“ Use MicroLIB ”，则在程序编译时，编译器自动加载  MicroLIB！

(1)MicroLIB和C标准库互斥，两者不能同时使用，只能2选1；

(2) 使用MicroLIB后就可以直接使用printf()往串口终端打印信息了，默认使用串口1；

(3) MicroLIB提供了一个有限的 stdio子系统，它仅支持未缓冲的 stdin、stdout和stderr。要使用高级 I/O 函数，必须自己对fputc()、fgetc()和__backspace()基本函数进行修改；

(4)MicroLIB中不支持的转换为 %lc、%ls和 %a；

(5) MicroLIB不支持与操作系统交互的所有函数，例如：abort()、exit()、atexit()、clock()、time()、system()和getenv()；

 

/

//USE  MicroLIB

//void *malloc(unsigned int num_bytes);

//--------------------------------------------------

//The Head Will Use EIGHT Bytes.

//The Mark Will Use FOUR Bytes and The AutoAdlign Is

//Also FOUR Bytes. The Exp as Follow.

//--------------------------------------------------

//HEAP BASE:0x200135c8

//      pHeapA : 0x200135D0

//      pHeapB : 0x200135D8

//      pHeapC : 0x200135F0

//IF the HEAP Space Is Used almost Over The Reault

//of "malloc" will be NULL.

// -------------------------------------------------

// We Can Importing a linker-defined symbol.

/

extern unsigned int Stack_Size;

unsigned int StackSize = (unsigned int)&Stack_Size;

extern unsigned int __initial_sp;

unsigned int StackBase = (unsigned int)&__initial_sp;

vm_printf("StackSize = 0x%x\n", StackSize);

vm_printf("StackBase = 0x%x\n\n", StackBase);

 

extern unsigned int Heap_Size;

unsigned int HeapSize = (unsigned int)&Heap_Size;

extern unsigned int __heap_base;

unsigned int HeapBase = (unsigned int)&__heap_base;

extern unsigned int __heap_limit;

unsigned int HeapLimit = (unsigned int)&__heap_limit;

vm_printf("HeapSize = 0x%x\n", HeapSize);

vm_printf("HeapBase = 0x%x\n", HeapBase);

vm_printf("HeapLimit = 0x%x\n\n", HeapLimit);

 

U8 *pHeapA = malloc(0x01);

U8 *pHeapB = malloc(0x13);

U8 *pHeapC = malloc(0x01);

printf("pHeapA : 0x%x\n", pHeapA);

printf("pHeapB : 0x%x\n", pHeapB);

printf("pHeapC : 0x%x\n", pHeapC);

free(pHeapB);

pHeapB = malloc(0x10);

printf("pHeapB : 0x%x\n", pHeapB);

free(pHeapB);

pHeapB = malloc(0x20);

printf("pHeapB : 0x%x\n", pHeapB);

 

二、使用标准库

// Use Stand C LIB

//------------------------------------------------------

// The Head Will Use THIRTY_TWO Bytes.

// The MARK: If It can Align By FOUR Bytes with

// Its Last Region It will Use FOUR, Else If It

// Will Align As EIGHT Bytes From 0xXXX0.

// Please Do Not Implement __user_initial_stackheap

#if !__MICROLIB

#include<rt_heap.h>

#include<stdlib.h>

#pragma import (__use_realtime_heap)

//

//  r0 is the minimum size of the block to add.

// r1 holds a pointer to a location to store the base address.

//

unsigned int __rt_heap_extend(unsigned size, void **block)

{

    return 0;

}

_init_alloc(HeapBase, HeapLimit);

#endif

 

extern unsigned int Stack_Size;

unsigned int StackSize = (unsigned int)&Stack_Size;

extern unsigned int __initial_sp;

unsigned int StackBase = (unsigned int)&__initial_sp;

vm_printf("StackSize = 0x%x\n", StackSize);

vm_printf("StackBase = 0x%x\n\n", StackBase);

 

extern unsigned int Heap_Size;

unsigned int HeapSize = (unsigned int)&Heap_Size;

extern unsigned int __heap_base;

unsigned int HeapBase = (unsigned int)&__heap_base;

extern unsigned int __heap_limit;

unsigned int HeapLimit = (unsigned int)&__heap_limit;

vm_printf("HeapSize = 0x%x\n", HeapSize);

vm_printf("HeapBase = 0x%x\n", HeapBase);

vm_printf("HeapLimit = 0x%x\n\n", HeapLimit);

 

U8 *pHeapA = malloc(0x01);

U8 *pHeapB = malloc(0x0C);

U8 *pHeapC = malloc(0x0D);

U8 *pHeapD = malloc(0x11);

 

 

vm_printf("pHeapA : 0x%x\n", pHeapA);

vm_printf("pHeapB : 0x%x\n", pHeapB);

vm_printf("pHeapC : 0x%x\n", pHeapC);

vm_printf("pHeapD : 0x%x\n", pHeapD);

free(pHeapB);

pHeapB = malloc(0x10);

vm_printf("pHeapB : 0x%x\n", pHeapB);

free(pHeapB);

pHeapB = malloc(0x20);

vm_printf("pHeapB : 0x%x\n", pHeapB);