Java如何正确关闭IO流

一、错误示例1

public void CopyFile() {
    FileReader fr = null;
    FileWriter fw = null;
    try {
        fr = new FileReader("c:\\xy1.txt"); // ①
        fw = new FileWriter("c:\\xy2.txt"); // ②
        char[] charBuffer = new char[1024];
        int len = 0;
        while ((len = fr.read(charBuffer)) != -1) {
            fw.write(charBuffer, 0, len);
        }
        System.out.println("文件复制成功");
    } catch (IOException e) {
        throw new RuntimeException("文件拷贝操作失败");
    } finally {
        try {
            fr.close(); // ③
            fw.close(); // ④
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("关闭失败");
        }
    }
}

如果①代码出错，fr根本就没有初始化，执行③的时候就会报空指针异常。②④同样是这个道理。


二、错误示例2

public void CopyFile() {
    FileReader fr = null;
    FileWriter fw = null;
    try {
        fr = new FileReader("c:\\xy1.txt"); // ①
        fw = new FileWriter("c:\\xy2.txt"); // ②
        char[] charBuffer = new char[1024];
        ?
        int len = 0;
        while ((len = fr.read(charBuffer)) != -1) {
            fw.write(charBuffer, 0, len);
        }
        System.out.println("文件复制成功");
    } catch (IOException e) {
        throw new RuntimeException("文件拷贝操作失败");
    } finally {
        try {
            if (null != fr) {
                fr.close(); // ③
            }
            if (null != fw) {
                fw.close(); // ④
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("关闭失败"); // ⑤
        }
    }
}

加上是否为空的判断可以避免空指针异常。但是如果③执行出错，程序会直接进入⑤而④根本没有得到执行，导致无法关闭。

三、正确示例

public void CopyFile() {
    FileReader fr = null;
    FileWriter fw = null;
    try {
        fr = new FileReader("c:\\xy1.txt");
        fw = new FileWriter("c:\\xy2.txt");
        char[] charBuffer = new char[1024];
        ?
        int len = 0;
        while ((len = fr.read(charBuffer)) != -1) {
            fw.write(charBuffer, 0, len);
        }
        System.out.println("文件复制成功");
    } catch (IOException e) {
        throw new RuntimeException("文件拷贝操作失败");
    } finally {
        try {
            if (null != fr) {
                fr.close();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("关闭失败");
        }

        try {
            if (null != fw) {
                fw.close();
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("关闭失败");
        }
    }
}