https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/alexandria-engineering-journal
| ENGINEERING MULTIDISCIPLINARY | 工程跨学科 |
Aims and scope
目标和范围
Peer review under the responsibility of Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria University Alexandria Engineering Journal is an international journal devoted to publishing high quality papers in the field of engineering and applied science. Alexandria Engineering Journal is cited in the Engineering Information Services (EIS) and the Chemical Abstracts (CA). The papers published in Alexandria Engineering Journal are grouped into five sections, according to the following classification:
亚历山大大学工程学院负责的同行评审 亚历山大工程杂志是一本致力于发表工程和应用科学领域高质量论文的国际期刊。Alexandria Engineering Journal 被 Engineering Information Services （EIS） 和 Chemical Abstracts （CA） 引用。发表在《亚历山大工程杂志》上的论文根据以下分类分为五个部分：
• Mechanical, Production, Marine and Textile Engineering
• 机械、生产、海洋和纺织工程
• Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Nuclear Engineering
• 电气工程、计算机科学与核工程
• Civil and Architecture Engineering
• 土木与建筑工程
• Chemical Engineering and Applied Sciences
• 化学工程与应用科学
• Environmental Engineering
• 环境工程
Alexandria Engineering Journal publishes original papers, critical reviews, technical papers, technical data, short notes, and letters to the editor. Papers covering experimental, theoretical, and computational aspects which contribute to the understanding of engineering and applied sciences or give an insight into engineering practices and processes are welcome. Authors from all over the world are invited to submit manuscripts for possible publications in Alexandria Engineering Journal.
Alexandria Engineering Journal 发表原创论文、评论、技术论文、技术数据、简短笔记和给编辑的信。欢迎涵盖实验、理论和计算方面的论文，这些论文有助于理解工程和应用科学或深入了解工程实践和过程。邀请来自世界各地的作者提交手稿，以便在亚历山大工程杂志上发表。
Guide for authors
作者指南
Submission checklist 提交清单
You can use this list to carry out a final check of your submission before you send it to the journal for review. Please check the relevant section in this Guide for Authors for more details.
您可以使用此列表对您的投稿进行最终检查，然后再将其发送给期刊进行审核。请查看本作者指南中的相关部分，了解更多详情。
Ensure that the following items are present:
确保存在以下项目：
One author has been designated as the corresponding author with contact details:
一位作者被指定为通讯作者，联系方式如下：
• E-mail address • 电子邮件地址
• Full postal address
• 完整的邮寄地址
All necessary files have been uploaded:
所有必要的文件都已上传：
Manuscript: 手稿：
• Include keywords • 包含关键字
• All figures (include relevant captions)
• 所有图表（包括相关标题）
• All tables (including titles, description, footnotes)
• 所有表格（包括标题、说明、脚注）
• Ensure all figure and table citations in the text match the files provided
• 确保文本中的所有图形和表格引用都与提供的文件匹配
• Indicate clearly if color should be used for any figures in print
• 清楚地指出是否应将颜色用于打印中的任何图形
Graphical Abstracts / Highlights files (where applicable)
图形摘要/突出显示文件（如适用）
Supplemental files (where applicable)
补充文件（如适用）
Further considerations 其他注意事项
• Manuscript has been 'spell checked' and 'grammar checked'
• 稿件已“拼写检查”和“语法检查”
• All references mentioned in the Reference List are cited in the text, and vice versa
• 参考文献列表中提到的所有参考文献均在正文中引用，反之亦然
• Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Internet)
• 已获得使用来自其他来源（包括互联网）的受版权保护材料的许可
• A competing interests statement is provided, even if the authors have no competing interests to declare
• 即使作者没有要声明的竞争利益，也要提供竞争利益声明
• Journal policies detailed in this guide have been reviewed
• 本指南中详述的期刊政策已经过审查
• Referee suggestions and contact details provided, based on journal requirements
• 根据期刊要求提供推荐建议和联系方式
For further information, visit our Support Center.
有关更多信息，请访问我们的支持中心。
Before you begin 准备工作
Ethics in publishing 出版伦理Please see our information on Ethics in publishing .
请参阅我们关于出版道德的信息。 Declaration of interest 利益申报
All authors must disclose any financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work. Examples of potential competing interests include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. Authors must disclose any interests in two places: 1. A summary declaration of interest statement in the title page file (if double anonymized) or the manuscript file (if single anonymized). If there are no interests to declare then please state this: 'Declarations of interest: none'. 2. Detailed disclosures as part of a separate Declaration of Interest form, which forms part of the journal's official records. It is important for potential interests to be declared in both places and that the information matches. More information .
所有作者必须披露与他人或组织的任何财务和个人关系，这些关系可能会不恰当地影响（偏见）他们的工作。潜在竞争利益的例子包括就业、咨询、股票所有权、酬金、有偿专家证词、专利申请/注册以及赠款或其他资金。作者必须在两个地方披露任何利益：1.扉页文件（如果双重匿名）或手稿文件（如果单匿名）中的利益声明摘要。如果没有要申报的利益，请说明：“利益申报：无”。2. 作为单独的利益申报表的一部分进行详细披露，该声明表构成期刊官方记录的一部分。重要的是在两个地方申报潜在利益，并且信息匹配。更多信息。 Declaration of generative AI in scientific writing
生成式人工智能在科学写作中的宣言
The below guidance only refers to the writing process, and not to the use of AI tools to analyse and draw insights from data as part of the research process.
以下指南仅涉及写作过程，而不是作为研究过程的一部分，使用人工智能工具从数据中分析和得出见解。
Where authors use generative artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process, authors should only use these technologies to improve readability and language. Applying the technology should be done with human oversight and control, and authors should carefully review and edit the result, as AI can generate authoritative-sounding output that can be incorrect, incomplete or biased. AI and AI-assisted technologies should not be listed as an author or co-author, or be cited as an author. Authorship implies responsibilities and tasks that can only be attributed to and performed by humans, as outlined in Elsevier’s AI policy for authors.
如果作者在写作过程中使用生成式人工智能 （AI） 和 AI 辅助技术，作者应仅使用这些技术来提高可读性和语言性。应用该技术应该在人类的监督和控制下完成，作者应该仔细审查和编辑结果，因为人工智能可以生成听起来权威的输出，这些输出可能是不正确的、不完整的或有偏见的。人工智能和人工智能辅助技术不应被列为作者或合著者，也不应被引用为作者。作者身份意味着只能归因于人类并由人类执行的责任和任务，如爱思唯尔的 AI 作者政策中所述。
Authors should disclose in their manuscript the use of AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process by following the instructions below. A statement will appear in the published work. Please note that authors are ultimately responsible and accountable for the contents of the work.
作者应按照以下说明在写作过程中披露人工智能和人工智能辅助技术的使用。声明将出现在已发表的作品中。请注意，作者对作品内容负有最终责任。
Disclosure instructions 披露说明
Authors must disclose the use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process by adding a statement at the end of their manuscript in the core manuscript file, before the References list. The statement should be placed in a new section entitled ‘Declaration of Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process’.
作者必须在核心稿件文件的稿件末尾，在参考文献列表之前添加声明，披露在写作过程中使用生成式人工智能和人工智能辅助技术的情况。该声明应放在题为“写作过程中的生成式人工智能和人工智能辅助技术的声明”的新章节中。
Statement: During the preparation of this work the author(s) used [NAME TOOL / SERVICE] in order to [REASON]. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the publication.
声明：在准备本作品期间，作者使用[名称工具/服务]来[REASON]。使用此工具/服务后，作者根据需要审查和编辑内容，并对出版物的内容承担全部责任。
This declaration does not apply to the use of basic tools for checking grammar, spelling, references etc. If there is nothing to disclose, there is no need to add a statement.
本声明不适用于使用基本工具检查语法、拼写、参考文献等。如果没有什么要披露的，就没有必要添加声明。
提交声明和验证
Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract, a published lecture or academic thesis, see 'Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication' for more information), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright-holder. To verify compliance, your article may be checked by Crossref Similarity Check and other originality or duplicate checking software.
提交一篇文章意味着所描述的工作以前没有发表过（除了以摘要、已发表的讲座或学术论文的形式，有关更多信息，请参阅“多次、冗余或同时发表”），它没有考虑在其他地方发表，其发表得到了所有作者的批准，并得到了进行工作的主管当局的默示或明确， 并且，如果被接受，未经版权所有者书面同意，不得以相同的形式、英语或任何其他语言（包括电子方式）在其他地方发布。为了验证合规性，您的文章可能会通过Crossref相似性检查和其他原创性或重复性检查软件进行检查。 Use of inclusive language
使用包容性语言
Inclusive language acknowledges diversity, conveys respect to all people, is sensitive to differences, and promotes equal opportunities. Content should make no assumptions about the beliefs or commitments of any reader; contain nothing which might imply that one individual is superior to another on the grounds of age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health condition; and use inclusive language throughout. Authors should ensure that writing is free from bias, stereotypes, slang, reference to dominant culture and/or cultural assumptions. We advise to seek gender neutrality by using plural nouns ("clinicians, patients/clients") as default/wherever possible to avoid using "he, she," or "he/she." We recommend avoiding the use of descriptors that refer to personal attributes such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health condition unless they are relevant and valid. When coding terminology is used, we recommend to avoid offensive or exclusionary terms such as "master", "slave", "blacklist" and "whitelist". We suggest using alternatives that are more appropriate and (self-) explanatory such as "primary", "secondary", "blocklist" and "allowlist". These guidelines are meant as a point of reference to help identify appropriate language but are by no means exhaustive or definitive.
包容性语言承认多样性，传达对所有人的尊重，对差异敏感，并促进机会均等。内容不应对任何读者的信念或承诺做出任何假设;不包含任何可能暗示一个人因年龄、性别、种族、民族、文化、性取向、残疾或健康状况而优于另一个人的内容;并自始至终使用包容性语言。作者应确保写作没有偏见、刻板印象、俚语、对主流文化和/或文化假设的引用。我们建议尽可能使用复数名词（“临床医生、患者/客户”）作为默认/避免使用“他、她”或“他/她”来寻求性别中立。我们建议避免使用涉及个人属性的描述符，例如年龄、性别、种族、民族、文化、性取向、残疾或健康状况，除非它们相关且有效。使用编码术语时，建议避免使用冒犯性或排他性术语，例如“主”、“从”、“黑名单”和“白名单”。我们建议使用更合适且（自我）解释的替代方案，例如“主要”、“次要”、“阻止列表”和“允许列表”。这些指南旨在作为参考点，以帮助识别适当的语言，但绝不是详尽或确定的。 Reporting sex- and gender-based analyses
报告基于性别和性别的分析
Reporting guidance 报告指南
For research involving or pertaining to humans, animals or eukaryotic cells, investigators should integrate sex and gender-based analyses (SGBA) into their research design according to funder/sponsor requirements and best practices within a field. Authors should address the sex and/or gender dimensions of their research in their article. In cases where they cannot, they should discuss this as a limitation to their research's generalizability. Importantly, authors should explicitly state what definitions of sex and/or gender they are applying to enhance the precision, rigor and reproducibility of their research and to avoid ambiguity or conflation of terms and the constructs to which they refer (see Definitions section below). Authors can refer to the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines and the SAGER guidelines checklist . These offer systematic approaches to the use and editorial review of sex and gender information in study design, data analysis, outcome reporting and research interpretation - however, please note there is no single, universally agreed-upon set of guidelines for defining sex and gender.
对于涉及或与人类、动物或真核细胞有关的研究，研究人员应根据资助者/申办者的要求和领域内的最佳实践，将性别和基于性别的分析 （SGBA） 整合到他们的研究设计中。作者应在文章中讨论其研究的性别和/或性别维度。在他们不能的情况下，他们应该讨论这作为他们研究的普遍性的限制。重要的是，作者应明确说明他们正在应用的性别和/或性别定义，以提高其研究的精确性、严谨性和可重复性，并避免术语及其所指结构的歧义或混淆（见下面的定义部分）。作者可以参考 and Gender Equity in Research （SAGER） 指南和 SAGER 指南清单。这些为在研究设计、数据分析、结果报告和研究解释中使用和编辑审查性别和性别信息提供了系统的方法——但是，请注意，没有一套单一的、普遍同意的指导方针来定义性别和性别。
Definitions 定义
Sex generally refers to a set of biological attributes that are associated with physical and physiological features (e.g., chromosomal genotype, hormonal levels, internal and external anatomy). A binary sex categorization (male/female) is usually designated at birth (""sex assigned at birth""), most often based solely on the visible external anatomy of a newborn. Gender generally refers to socially constructed roles, behaviors, and identities of women, men and gender-diverse people that occur in a historical and cultural context and may vary across societies and over time. Gender influences how people view themselves and each other, how they behave and interact and how power is distributed in society. Sex and gender are often incorrectly portrayed as binary (female/male or woman/man) and unchanging whereas these constructs actually exist along a spectrum and include additional sex categorizations and gender identities such as people who are intersex/have differences of sex development (DSD) or identify as non-binary. Moreover, the terms ""sex"" and ""gender"" can be ambiguous—thus it is important for authors to define the manner in which they are used. In addition to this definition guidance and the SAGER guidelines, the resources on this page offer further insight around sex and gender in research studies.
性别通常是指与身体和生理特征（例如染色体基因型、荷尔蒙水平、内部和外部解剖结构）相关的一组生物学属性。二元性别分类（男性/女性）通常在出生时指定（“出生时分配的性别”），通常仅基于新生儿的可见外部解剖结构。性别通常是指女性、男性和性别多样化人群的社会建构角色、行为和身份，这些角色、行为和身份发生在历史和文化背景下，可能因社会和时间而异。性别影响着人们如何看待自己和彼此，他们的行为和互动方式以及权力在社会中的分配方式。性别和性别经常被错误地描绘成二元（女性/男性或女性/男性）并且保持不变，而这些结构实际上存在于一个光谱中，包括额外的性别分类和性别认同，例如双性人/有性发育差异 （DSD） 或被认定为非二元的人。此外，术语“性别”和“性别”可能模棱两可，因此作者必须定义它们的使用方式。除了本定义指南和 SAGER 指南外，本页面上的资源还提供了有关研究中性别和性别的进一步见解。
For transparency, we require corresponding authors to provide co-author contributions to the manuscript using the relevant CRediT roles. The CRediT taxonomy includes 14 different roles describing each contributor’s specific contribution to the scholarly output. The roles are: Conceptualization; Data curation; Formal analysis; Funding acquisition; Investigation; Methodology; Project administration; Resources; Software; Supervision; Validation; Visualization; Roles/Writing - original draft; and Writing - review & editing. Note that not all roles may apply to every manuscript, and authors may have contributed through multiple roles. More details and an example .
为了透明起见，我们要求通讯作者使用相关的CRediT角色为稿件提供合著者的贡献。CRediT 分类法包括 14 个不同的角色，描述了每个贡献者对学术产出的具体贡献。角色是：概念化;数据管理;形式分析;资金获取;调查;方法论;项目管理;资源;软件;监督;验证;可视化;角色/写作 - 原稿;和写作 - 审查和编辑。请注意，并非所有角色都适用于每篇稿件，作者可能通过多个角色做出贡献。更多细节和示例。 Changes to authorship 对作者身份的更改
Authors are expected to consider carefully the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript and provide the definitive list of authors at the time of the original submission. Any addition, deletion or rearrangement of author names in the authorship list should be made only before the manuscript has been accepted and only if approved by the journal Editor. To request such a change, the Editor must receive the following from the corresponding author : (a) the reason for the change in author list and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. In the case of addition or removal of authors, this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed.
作者在提交稿件之前应仔细考虑作者名单和顺序，并在原始提交时提供最终的作者名单。在作者名单中对作者姓名的任何添加、删除或重新排列都应仅在稿件被接受之前进行，并且只有在期刊编辑批准的情况下才能进行。要请求此类更改，编辑必须从通讯作者处收到以下信息：（a） 更改作者列表的原因和 （b） 所有作者的书面确认（电子邮件、信件）他们同意添加、删除或重新排列。在添加或删除作者的情况下，这包括添加或删除作者的确认。
Only in exceptional circumstances will the Editor consider the addition, deletion or rearrangement of authors after the manuscript has been accepted. While the Editor considers the request, publication of the manuscript will be suspended. If the manuscript has already been published in an online issue, any requests approved by the Editor will result in a corrigendum.
只有在特殊情况下，编辑才会考虑在稿件被接受后添加、删除或重新排列作者。在编辑考虑该请求期间，稿件的出版将被暂停。如果稿件已经在网上出版，编辑批准的任何请求都将导致更正。 Copyright 版权
Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' (see more information on this). An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' form or a link to the online version of this agreement.
文章被接受后，作者将被要求填写一份“期刊出版协议”（参见更多信息）。我们将向通讯作者发送一封电子邮件，确认收到稿件，并附上“期刊出版协议”表格或本协议在线版本的链接。
Author rights 作者权利
As an author you (or your employer or institution) have certain rights to reuse your work. More information.
作为作者，您（或您的雇主或机构）拥有重复使用您的作品的某些权利。更多信息。
爱思唯尔支持负责任的分享
Find out how you can share your research published in Elsevier journals.
了解如何分享您在爱思唯尔期刊上发表的研究成果。 Open access 开放获取
Please visit our Open Access page for more information about open access publishing in this journal.
请访问我们的开放获取页面，了解有关本期刊开放获取发表的更多信息。 CC_BY-NC-ND License CC_BY-NC-ND 许可证
For non-commercial purposes, lets others distribute and copy the article, and to include in a collective work (such as an anthology), as long as they credit the author(s) and provided they do not alter or modify the article.
出于非商业目的，允许他人分发和复制文章，并包含在集体作品（例如选集）中，只要他们注明作者并且他们不更改或修改文章。 Elsevier Researcher Academy
爱思唯尔研究者学院
Researcher Academy is a free e-learning platform designed to support early and mid-career researchers throughout their research journey. The "Learn" environment at Researcher Academy offers several interactive modules, webinars, downloadable guides and resources to guide you through the process of writing for research and going through peer review. Feel free to use these free resources to improve your submission and navigate the publication process with ease.
Researcher Academy 是一个免费的电子学习平台，旨在在整个研究过程中为早期和中期职业研究人员提供支持。Researcher Academy 的“学习”环境提供了多个互动模块、网络研讨会、可下载的指南和资源，以指导您完成研究写作和同行评审的过程。随意使用这些免费资源来改进您的提交并轻松浏览发布过程。 Language (usage and editing services)
语言（使用和编辑服务）
Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these). Authors who feel their English language manuscript may require editing to eliminate possible grammatical or spelling errors and to conform to correct scientific English may wish to use the Language Editing service available from Elsevier's Language Services.
请用流利的英语写你的文字（接受美国或英国的使用，但不能混合使用）。如果作者认为自己的英语稿件可能需要编辑，以消除可能的语法或拼写错误，并符合正确的科学英语，则不妨使用爱思唯尔语言服务提供的语言编辑服务。 Submission 提交
Our online submission system guides you stepwise through the process of entering your article details and uploading your files. The system converts your article files to a single PDF file used in the peer-review process. Editable files (e.g., Word, LaTeX) are required to typeset your article for final publication. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, is sent by e-mail.
我们的在线提交系统将指导您逐步完成输入文章详细信息和上传文件的过程。系统会将您的文章文件转换为同行评审过程中使用的单个 PDF 文件。需要可编辑的文件（例如，Word、LaTeX）来排版您的文章以供最终发表。所有信件，包括编辑决定的通知和修改请求，均通过电子邮件发送。 Suggesting reviewers 推荐审稿人
Please submit the names and institutional e-mail addresses of several potential reviewers.
请提交几位潜在审稿人的姓名和机构电子邮件地址。
You should not suggest reviewers who are colleagues, or who have co-authored or collaborated with you during the last three years. Editors do not invite reviewers who have potential competing interests with the authors. Further, in order to provide a broad and balanced assessment of the work, and ensure scientific rigor, please suggest diverse candidate reviewers who are located in different countries/regions from the author group. Also consider other diversity attributes e.g. gender, race and ethnicity, career stage, etc. Finally, you should not include existing members of the journal's editorial team, of whom the journal are already aware.
您不应推荐同事或在过去三年中与您共同撰写或合作的审稿人。编辑不会邀请与作者有潜在竞争利益的审稿人。此外，为了对工作进行广泛而平衡的评估，并确保科学严谨性，请推荐来自作者群体不同国家/地区的不同候选审稿人。还要考虑其他多样性属性，例如性别、种族和民族、职业阶段等。最后，你不应该包括期刊编辑团队的现有成员，期刊已经知道他们了。
Note: the editor decides whether or not to invite your suggested reviewers.
注意：编辑决定是否邀请您推荐的审稿人。
Preparation 制备
Queries 查询For questions about the editorial process (including the status of manuscripts under review) or for technical support on submissions, please visit our Support Center .
有关编辑过程（包括正在审稿的状态）或提交的技术支持的问题，请访问我们的支持中心。 Figures and tables embedded in text
文本中嵌入的图形和表格
Please ensure the figures and the tables included in the single file are placed next to the relevant text in the manuscript, rather than at the bottom or the top of the file. The corresponding caption should be placed directly below the figure or table.
请确保单个文件中包含的图表和表格放在稿件中相关文本的旁边，而不是文件的底部或顶部。相应的标题应放在图或表的正下方。 Peer review 同行审查
This journal operates a single anonymized review process. All contributions will be initially assessed by the editor for suitability for the journal. Papers deemed suitable are then typically sent to a minimum of two independent expert reviewers to assess the scientific quality of the paper. The Editor is responsible for the final decision regarding acceptance or rejection of articles. The Editor's decision is final. Editors are not involved in decisions about papers which they have written themselves or have been written by family members or colleagues or which relate to products or services in which the editor has an interest. Any such submission is subject to all of the journal's usual procedures, with peer review handled independently of the relevant editor and their research groups. More information on types of peer review .
该期刊采用单一的匿名审稿流程。所有投稿将由编辑初步评估是否适合该期刊。然后，被认为合适的论文通常会被发送给至少两名独立的专家评审员，以评估论文的科学质量。编辑对文章的接受或拒绝负责最终决定。编辑的决定是最终决定。编辑不参与他们自己撰写的或由家庭成员或同事撰写的论文或与编辑感兴趣的产品或服务有关的论文的决定。任何此类投稿均须遵守期刊的所有常规程序，同行评审独立于相关编辑及其研究小组进行。有关同行评议类型的更多信息。 Use of word processing software
使用文字处理软件
It is important that the file be saved in the native format of the word processor used. The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the word processor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc. When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier ). Note that source files of figures, tables and text graphics will be required whether or not you embed your figures in the text. See also the section on Electronic artwork.
重要的是，文件必须以所用文字处理器的本机格式保存。文本应采用单列格式。使文本的布局尽可能简单。在处理文章时，大多数格式代码将被删除和替换。特别是，不要使用文字处理器的选项来对齐文本或连字符字词。但是，请使用粗体、斜体、下标、上标等。准备表时，如果使用表网格，请对每个表仅使用一个网格，而不是对每行使用网格。如果未使用网格，请使用制表符（而不是空格）对齐列。电子文本的准备方式应与传统稿件非常相似（另见《爱思唯尔出版指南》）。请注意，无论您是否在文本中嵌入图形，都需要图形、表格和文本图形的源文件。另请参阅“电子图稿”部分。
To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the 'spell-check' and 'grammar-check' functions of your word processor.
为避免不必要的错误，强烈建议您使用文字处理器的“拼写检查”和“语法检查”功能。 Article structure 文章结构 Subdivision - numbered sections
细分 - 编号部分
Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to 'the text'. Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.
将您的文章划分为明确定义和编号的部分。小节应编号为 1.1（然后是 1.1.1、1.1.2 等）、1.2 等（摘要不包括在节编号中）。此编号也用于内部交叉引用：不要仅引用“文本”。任何小节都可以给出一个简短的标题。每个标题都应出现在其单独的行上。 Introduction 介绍
State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.
陈述工作目标并提供充分的背景，避免详细的文献调查或结果摘要。 Material and methods 材料与方法
Provide sufficient details to allow the work to be reproduced by an independent researcher. Methods that are already published should be summarized, and indicated by a reference. If quoting directly from a previously published method, use quotation marks and also cite the source. Any modifications to existing methods should also be described.
提供足够的细节，以便独立研究人员复制作品。应对已经发表的方法进行总结，并用参考文献指出。如果直接从以前发布的方法引用，请使用引号并引用来源。还应描述对现有方法的任何修改。 Theory/calculation 理论/计算
A Theory section should extend, not repeat, the background to the article already dealt with in the Introduction and lay the foundation for further work. In contrast, a Calculation section represents a practical development from a theoretical basis.
理论部分应该扩展而不是重复引言中已经处理过的文章的背景，并为进一步的工作奠定基础。相比之下，“计算”部分代表了理论基础的实际发展。 Results 结果
Results should be clear and concise.
结果应该清晰简洁。 Discussion 讨论
This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.
这应该探索工作结果的意义，而不是重复它们。将结果和讨论组合起来通常是合适的。避免大量引用和讨论已发表的文献。 Conclusions 结论
The main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions section, which may stand alone or form a subsection of a Discussion or Results and Discussion section.
研究的主要结论可以在一个简短的结论部分中提出，该部分可以单独存在，也可以构成讨论或结果和讨论部分的子部分。 Appendices 附录
If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Eq. (B.1) and so on. Similarly for tables and figures: Table A.1; Fig. A.1, etc.
如果有多个附录，应将其标识为 A、B 等。附录中的公式和方程式应单独编号：方程（A.1）、方程（A.2）等;在随后的附录中，方程（B.1）等。表格和数字也是如此：表A.1;图 A.1 等 Essential title page information
基本扉页信息
• Title. Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
•标题。简明扼要，内容丰富。标题通常用于信息检索系统。尽可能避免使用缩写和公式。
• Author names and affiliations. Please clearly indicate the given name(s) and family name(s) of each author and check that all names are accurately spelled. You can add your name between parentheses in your own script behind the English transliteration. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
• 作者姓名和单位。请清楚地指出每位作者的姓名和姓氏，并检查所有姓名的拼写是否准确。您可以在自己的脚本中将您的名字添加到英文音译后面的括号之间。在姓名下方显示作者的单位地址（实际工作完成的地方）。在作者姓名之后和相应地址前面用小写上标字母表示所有隶属关系。提供每个隶属机构的完整邮政地址，包括国家名称和每个作者的电子邮件地址（如果有）。
• Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. This responsibility includes answering any future queries about Methodology and Materials. Ensure that the e-mail address is given and that contact details are kept up to date by the corresponding author.
• 通讯作者。明确指出谁将在审稿和出版的所有阶段（包括出版后）处理通信。该职责包括回答未来有关方法和材料的任何疑问。确保提供电子邮件地址，并由通讯作者及时更新联系方式。
• Present/permanent address. If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a 'Present address' (or 'Permanent address') may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.
• 现在/永久地址。如果作者在文章中描述的工作完成后已经搬家，或者当时正在访问，则可以将“现在的地址”（或“永久地址”）作为该作者姓名的脚注。必须保留作者实际完成作品的地址作为主要隶属关系地址。此类脚注使用上标阿拉伯数字。 Abstract 抽象
A concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.
需要简明扼要的摘要。摘要应简要说明研究目的、主要结果和主要结论。摘要通常与文章分开呈现，因此它必须能够独立存在。因此，应避免参考文献，但如果有必要，请引用作者和年份。此外，应避免使用非标准或不常见的缩写，但如果有必要，则必须在摘要中首次提及时定义它们。 Keywords 关键字
Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, using American spelling and avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of'). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.
在摘要之后，立即提供最多 6 个关键字，使用美式拼写，避免使用一般和复数术语以及多个概念（避免，例如，“and”、“of”）。避免使用缩写：只有在该领域牢固确立的缩写才有资格。这些关键字将用于索引目的。 Abbreviations 缩写
Define abbreviations that are not standard in this field in a footnote to be placed on the first page of the article. Such abbreviations that are unavoidable in the abstract must be defined at their first mention there, as well as in the footnote. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article.
在要放在文章第一页的脚注中定义此字段中不标准的缩写。这种在摘要中不可避免的缩略语必须在第一次提及时以及在脚注中定义。确保整篇文章中缩写的一致性。 Acknowledgements 确认
Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.).
在文章末尾的参考文献之前的单独部分中整理致谢，因此，不要将它们包含在标题页上，作为标题的脚注或其他方式。在这里列出那些在研究期间提供帮助的人（例如，提供语言帮助、写作帮助或校对文章等）。 Math formulae 数学公式
Please submit math equations as editable text and not as images. Present simple formulae in line with normal text where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics. Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp. Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).
请以可编辑文本的形式提交数学方程式，而不是以图像形式提交。在可能的情况下，根据普通文本呈现简单的公式，并使用实线 （/） 代替水平线表示小分数项，例如 X/Y。原则上，变量应以斜体表示。e 的幂通常更方便地用 exp 表示。连续编号必须与文本分开显示的任何方程式（如果在文本中明确提及）。 Footnotes 脚注
Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article. Many word processors can build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Otherwise, please indicate the position of footnotes in the text and list the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list.
脚注应谨慎使用。在整篇文章中连续编号。许多文字处理器可以在文本中构建脚注，并且可以使用此功能。否则，请在正文中注明脚注的位置，并在文章末尾分别列出脚注本身。不要在“参考”列表中包含脚注。 Artwork 艺术品 Electronic artwork 电子艺术品
General points 一般要点
• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
• 确保使用原始图稿的统一字体和尺寸。
• Embed the used fonts if the application provides that option.
• 如果应用程序提供该选项，则嵌入使用的字体。
• Aim to use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Times New Roman, Symbol, or use fonts that look similar.
• 在插图中使用以下字体：Arial、Courier、Times New Roman、Symbol，或使用看起来相似的字体。
• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
• 根据插图在文本中的顺序对插图进行编号。
• Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
• 对图稿文件使用逻辑命名约定。
• Provide captions to illustrations separately.
• 单独为插图提供说明。
• Size the illustrations close to the desired dimensions of the published version.
• 将插图的大小调整为接近已发布版本所需尺寸的大小。
• Submit each illustration as a separate file.
• 将每幅插图作为单独的文件提交。
• Ensure that color images are accessible to all, including those with impaired color vision.
• 确保所有人都能获得彩色图像，包括色觉受损的人。
A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available.
电子艺术品的详细指南可用。
You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
我们敦促您访问本网站;这里给出了一些详细信息的摘录。
Formats 格式
If your electronic artwork is created in a Microsoft Office application (Word, PowerPoint, Excel) then please supply 'as is' in the native document format.
如果您的电子图稿是在 Microsoft Office 应用程序（Word、PowerPoint、Excel）中创建的，请以本机文档格式“按原样”提供。
Regardless of the application used other than Microsoft Office, when your electronic artwork is finalized, please 'Save as' or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
无论使用 Microsoft Office 以外的应用程序，当您的电子图稿定稿时，请“另存为”或将图像转换为以下格式之一（请注意下面给出的线条图、半色调和线/半色调组合的分辨率要求）：
EPS (or PDF): Vector drawings, embed all used fonts.
EPS（或 PDF）：矢量绘图，嵌入所有使用的字体。
TIFF (or JPEG): Color or grayscale photographs (halftones), keep to a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF（或 JPEG）：彩色或灰度照片（半色调），至少保持 300 dpi。
TIFF (or JPEG): Bitmapped (pure black & white pixels) line drawings, keep to a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF（或JPEG）：位图（纯黑白像素）线条图，保持至少1000 dpi。
TIFF (or JPEG): Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale), keep to a minimum of 500 dpi.
TIFF（或 JPEG）：位图线/半色调（彩色或灰度）的组合，至少保持 500 dpi。
Please do not: 请不要：
• Supply files that are optimized for screen use (e.g., GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); these typically have a low number of pixels and limited set of colors;
• 提供针对屏幕使用进行优化的文件（例如，GIF、BMP、PICT、WPG）;它们通常具有较少的像素数和有限的颜色集;
• Supply files that are too low in resolution;
• 提供分辨率过低的文件;
• Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.
• 提交的图片与内容不成比例地大。
Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF (or JPEG), EPS (or PDF) or MS Office files) and with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable color figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in color online (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) in addition to color reproduction in print. Further information on the preparation of electronic artwork .
请确保图稿文件采用可接受的格式（TIFF（或 JPEG）、EPS（或 PDF）或 MS Office 文件）并具有正确的分辨率。如果您提交了可用的彩色图表，则爱思唯尔将免费确保这些图表以彩色形式在线（例如ScienceDirect和其他网站）显示，以及印刷品中的彩色复制。有关电子艺术作品准备的更多信息。 Figure captions 图说明
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions separately, not attached to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief title ( not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.
确保每个插图都有标题。单独提供标题，不附在图中。标题应包括简短的标题（而不是插图本身）和插图说明。将插图本身中的文字保持在最低限度，但解释所有使用的符号和缩写。 Tables 表
Please submit tables as editable text and not as images. Tables can be placed either next to the relevant text in the article, or on separate page(s) at the end. Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text and place any table notes below the table body. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in them do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article. Please avoid using vertical rules and shading in table cells.
请以可编辑文本的形式提交表格，而不是以图像形式提交表格。表格可以放在文章中的相关文本旁边，也可以放在末尾的单独页面上。根据表格在文本中的外观连续编号表格，并将所有表格注释放在表格正文下方。在使用表格时要谨慎，并确保表格中提供的数据不会与本文其他地方描述的结果重复。请避免在表格单元格中使用竖排规则和底纹。 References 引用 Citation in text 文本中的引用
Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either 'Unpublished results' or 'Personal communication'. Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that the item has been accepted for publication.
请确保文中引用的每个参考文献也出现在参考文献列表中（反之亦然）。摘要中引用的任何参考文献必须完整给出。未发表的结果和个人通信不建议在参考文献列表中，但可能会在正文中提及。如果这些参考文献包含在参考文献列表中，它们应遵循期刊的标准参考文献格式，并应包括用“未发表的结果”或“个人通信”代替出版日期。引用参考文献为“出版中”意味着该项目已被接受出版。 Web references Web 引用
As a minimum, the full URL should be given and the date when the reference was last accessed. Any further information, if known (DOI, author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in the reference list.
至少应提供完整的 URL 和上次访问引用的日期。如果知道任何进一步的信息（DOI、作者姓名、日期、对源出版物的引用等），也应提供。如果需要，Web 参考文献可以单独列出（例如，在参考文献列表之后）在不同的标题下，也可以包含在参考文献列表中。 Preprint references 预印本参考文献
Where a preprint has subsequently become available as a peer-reviewed publication, the formal publication should be used as the reference. If there are preprints that are central to your work or that cover crucial developments in the topic, but are not yet formally published, these may be referenced. Preprints should be clearly marked as such, for example by including the word preprint, or the name of the preprint server, as part of the reference. The preprint DOI should also be provided.
如果预印本随后作为同行评议的出版物提供，则应以正式出版物为参考。如果有一些预印本对你的工作至关重要，或者涵盖了该主题的关键发展，但尚未正式出版，则可以参考这些预印本。预印本应明确标明，例如在参考文献中包含预印本一词或预印本服务器的名称。还应提供预印本 DOI。 References in a special issue
特刊中的参考文献
Please ensure that the words 'this issue' are added to any references in the list (and any citations in the text) to other articles in the same Special Issue.
请确保将“本期”字样添加到列表中对同一特刊中其他文章的任何参考文献（以及正文中的任何引用）中。 Reference management software
参考文献管理软件
Most Elsevier journals have their reference template available in many of the most popular reference management software products. These include all products that support Citation Style Language styles , such as Mendeley . Using citation plug-ins from these products, authors only need to select the appropriate journal template when preparing their article, after which citations and bibliographies will be automatically formatted in the journal's style. If no template is yet available for this journal, please follow the format of the sample references and citations as shown in this Guide. If you use reference management software, please ensure that you remove all field codes before submitting the electronic manuscript. More information on how to remove field codes from different reference management software .
大多数爱思唯尔期刊在许多最流行的参考文献管理软件产品中都提供了参考文献模板。其中包括支持引文样式语言样式的所有产品，例如 Mendeley。使用这些产品的引文插件，作者只需在准备文章时选择合适的期刊模板，之后引文和参考书目将自动格式化为期刊的样式。如果本期刊尚无可用的模板，请遵循本指南中所示的参考文献和引文样本的格式。如果您使用参考文献管理软件，请确保在提交电子稿件之前删除所有字段代码。有关如何从不同的参考文献管理软件中删除字段代码的更多信息。 Reference style 参考样式
Text: Indicate references by number(s) in square brackets in line with the text. The actual authors can be referred to, but the reference number(s) must always be given.
文本：在与文本对齐的方括号中用数字表示参考文献。可以参考实际作者，但必须始终提供参考编号。
Example: "..... as demonstrated [3,6]. Barnaby and Jones [8] obtained a different result ...."
示例：“.....如图所示[3,6]。Barnaby和Jones [8]得到了不同的结果......”
List: Number the references (numbers in square brackets) in the list in the order in which they appear in the text.
列表：按照参考文献在文本中出现的顺序对列表中的参考文献（方括号中的数字）进行编号。
Examples: 例子：
1- J. van der Geer, J.A.J. Hanraads, R.A. Lupton, The art of writing a scientific article, J. Sci. Commun. 163 (2000) 51–59.
1- J. van der Geer， J.A.J. Hanraads， R.A. Lupton， 撰写科学文章的艺术， J. Sci. Commun.163 (2000) 51–59.
2- W. Strunk Jr., E.B. White, The Elements of Style, third ed., Macmillan, New York, 1979.
2- W. Strunk Jr.，E.B. White，《风格元素》，第三版，麦克米伦，纽约，1979 年。 Journal abbreviations source
期刊缩写来源
Journal names should be abbreviated according to the List of Title Word Abbreviations .
期刊名称应根据标题词缩写列表进行缩写。 Supplementary and multimedia data
补充和多媒体数据
Elsevier accepts electronic supplementary and multimedia data to support and enhance your scientific research. Supplementary files offer the author additional possibilities to publish supporting applications, movies, animation sequences, high-resolution images, background datasets, sound clips and more. Supplementary files supplied will be published online alongside the electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web products, including ScienceDirect: https://www.sciencedirect.com In order to ensure that your submitted material is directly usable, please ensure that data are provided in one of our recommended file formats. Authors should submit the material in electronic format together with the article and supply a concise and descriptive caption for each file. Video files: please supply 'stills' with your files: you can choose any frame from the video or make a separate image. These will be used instead of standard icons and will personalize the link to your supplementary information. For more detailed instructions please visit our artwork instruction pages at Artwork and media instructions | Elsevier policy .
爱思唯尔接受电子补充和多媒体数据，以支持和加强您的科学研究。补充文件为作者提供了发布支持应用程序、电影、动画序列、高分辨率图像、背景数据集、声音剪辑等的更多可能性。提供的补充文件将与您的文章的电子版本一起在线发布在爱思唯尔网络产品中，包括ScienceDirect： https://www.sciencedirect.com 为了确保您提交的材料可以直接使用，请确保以我们推荐的文件格式之一提供数据。作者应将材料与文章一起以电子格式提交，并为每个文件提供简明扼要的描述性标题。视频文件：请在文件中提供“静止图像”：您可以从视频中选择任何帧或制作单独的图像。这些图标将代替标准图标，并将个性化指向您的补充信息的链接。有关更详细的说明，请访问我们的艺术品说明页面，网址为 https://www.elsevier.com/artworkinstructions.
After acceptance 验收后
Online proof correction 在线校样校对To ensure a fast publication process of the article, we kindly ask authors to provide us with their proof corrections within two days. Corresponding authors will receive an e-mail with a link to our online proofing system, allowing annotation and correction of proofs online. The environment is similar to MS Word: in addition to editing text, you can also comment on figures/tables and answer questions from the Copy Editor. Web-based proofing provides a faster and less error-prone process by allowing you to directly type your corrections, eliminating the potential introduction of errors.
为确保文章的快速发表过程，我们恳请作者在两天内向我们提供校对更正。通讯作者将收到一封电子邮件，其中包含指向我们在线校对系统的链接，允许在线注释和更正校样。环境类似于 MS Word：除了编辑文本外，您还可以在文案编辑器中对图形/表格进行评论并回答问题。基于 Web 的校对允许您直接输入更正，从而消除了潜在的错误引入，从而提供了更快、更不容易出错的过程。
If preferred, you can still choose to annotate and upload your edits on the PDF version. All instructions for proofing will be given in the e-mail we send to authors, including alternative methods to the online version and PDF.
如果愿意，您仍然可以选择在 PDF 版本上注释和上传您的编辑内容。所有校对说明都将在我们发送给作者的电子邮件中提供，包括在线版本和 PDF 的替代方法。
We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text, tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission from the Editor. It is important to ensure that all corrections are sent back to us in one communication. Please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility.
我们将尽一切可能使您的文章快速准确地发表。请仅用于检查正文、表格和图表的排版、编辑、完整性和正确性。对接受发表的文章进行重大更改，只有在获得编辑许可的情况下才会在此阶段进行考虑。重要的是要确保在一次通信中将所有更正发回给我们。请在回复前仔细检查，因为无法保证包含任何后续更正。校对完全由您负责。
Author inquiries 作者咨询
Visit the Elsevier Support Center to find the answers you need. Here you will find everything from Frequently Asked Questions to ways to get in touch.
请访问爱思唯尔支持中心，找到您需要的答案。在这里，您将找到从常见问题到联系方式的所有内容。
You can also check the status of your submitted article or find out when your accepted article will be published.
您还可以查看已提交文章的状态，或了解您接受的文章何时发表。
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