一步一步学习TypeScript(16.Private&Protected&static)

private

使用private标识的成员变量,不允许在本类之外的地方使用.

class Auto{
    private engine: string;

    constructor(engine:string){
        this.engine = engine;
    }
}

var engine = new Auto('').engine; //错误

之前我们说过当两个类有相同的属性和方法时可以互相赋值.例如:

class One{
    name: string;

    say(){ /*...*/ }
}

class Two{
    name: string;

    say(){ /*...*/ }
}

var one = new One();
var two = new Two();

one = two;

但如果加上private的话就会得到一个错误 :

class One{
    private name: string;

    say(){ /*...*/ }
}

class Two{
    private name: string;

    say(){ /*...*/ }
}

var one = new One();
var two = new Two();

one = two; //错误, 不同源private之间不可以互相赋值

class Three extends One{
}

var three = new Three();
one = three; //正确

protected

protected可以在本类及其子类中访问

class ListString {
    private contents: string[];
    constructor() {
        this.contents = [];
    }
    protected setElement(index: number, item: string) {
        this.contents[index] = item;
    }

}

class StackString extends ListString {
    currentIndex: number;

    constructor() {
        super();
        this.currentIndex = 0;
    }

    public push(item: string) {
        this.setElement(this.currentIndex, item);
        this.currentIndex++;
    }
}

var stack = new StackString();
//stack.setElement(0, 1); // 错误 'setElement' 是protected,不可以在外部访问 

static

使用静态变量或方法可以使用类别.方法名或类别.变量名的方式使用

class MyClass{
    static name:string = 'Tom';

    static foo(){
        console.log("foo");
    }
}

MyClass.foo();
MyClass.name