Spring-boot教程（六）缓存

一、springboot缓存简介

在 Spring Boot中，通过@EnableCaching注解自动化配置合适的缓存管理器（CacheManager），Spring Boot根据下面的顺序去侦测缓存提供者： 
* Generic 
* JCache (JSR-107) 
* EhCache 2.x 
* Hazelcast 
* Infinispan 
* Redis 
* Guava 
* Simple

关于 Spring Boot 的缓存机制： 
高速缓存抽象不提供实际存储，并且依赖于由org.springframework.cache.Cache和org.springframework.cache.CacheManager接口实现的抽象。 Spring Boot根据实现自动配置合适的CacheManager，只要缓存支持通过@EnableCaching注释启用即可。

二、实例

该实例是多模块下的项目，详情见教程（四）,这里采用ehcache

步骤一：在service模块的pom.xml添加以下

<!-- caching -->
		<dependency>
			<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
			<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-cache</artifactId>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
			<groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId>
			<artifactId>ehcache</artifactId>
		</dependency>

步骤二：新建配置类文件（注意启动类的扫描范围，可自定义扫描），放在service模块config包中

package com.wqc.service.config;

import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching;
import org.springframework.cache.ehcache.EhCacheCacheManager;
import org.springframework.cache.ehcache.EhCacheManagerFactoryBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;

@Configuration
@EnableCaching 
public class CacheConfig {

    @Bean
    public EhCacheManagerFactoryBean ehCacheManagerFactoryBean() {
        EhCacheManagerFactoryBean cacheManagerFactoryBean = new EhCacheManagerFactoryBean(); 
        cacheManagerFactoryBean.setConfigLocation(new ClassPathResource("ehcache_config.xml"));     // 缓存信息配置文件
        cacheManagerFactoryBean.setShared(true);
        return cacheManagerFactoryBean;
    }

    /**
     * ehcache 主要的管理器
     *
     * @param cacheManagerFactoryBean
     * @return
     */
    @Bean
    public EhCacheCacheManager ehCacheCacheManager(EhCacheManagerFactoryBean cacheManagerFactoryBean) {
        return new EhCacheCacheManager(cacheManagerFactoryBean.getObject());
    }

}

步骤三：service模块下的resources添加ehcache_config.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<ehcache xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="ehcache.xsd"
         updateCheck="false">
         
    <diskStore path="e:/storage/project/demo/ehcache"/>
    
    <defaultCache
            eternal="false"
            maxElementsInMemory="1000"
            overflowToDisk="false"
            diskPersistent="false"
            timeToIdleSeconds="0"
            timeToLiveSeconds="600"
            memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="FIFO" />
            
    <cache name="userCache"
            eternal="false"
            maxElementsInMemory="100"
            overflowToDisk="false"
            diskPersistent="false"
            timeToIdleSeconds="0"
            timeToLiveSeconds="300"
            memoryStoreEvictionPolicy="FIFO" />
 
</ehcache>

步骤四：在service模块的service中的方法分别添加注解

import java.util.List;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CacheEvict;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CachePut;
import org.springframework.cache.annotation.Cacheable;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import com.wqc.data.dao.IUserDb;
import com.wqc.data.model.User;
import com.wqc.service.IUserService;

@Service
public class UserService implements IUserService {
	
	private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(UserService.class);

	@Autowired
	private IUserDb userDb;
	
	@Cacheable(key="'user_all'",value="userCache")
	@Override
	public List<User> getUsers() {
		LOGGER.info("查询数据库...");
		return userDb.getUsers();
	}

	@CachePut(key="'user_'+#user.uid", value="userCache")
	@Override
	public void update(User user) {
		userDb.update(user);
	}

	@CacheEvict(key="'user_'+#uid", value="userCache")
	@Transactional
	@Override
	public void del(int id) {
		userDb.del(id);
	}

	@CacheEvict(key="'user'",value="userCache")
	@Override
	public void save(User user) {
		userDb.save(user);
	}

}

以上四个步骤即可实现缓存...