C++图书管理系统总结

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
class Time
{
    int year,month,day;
 public:
    Time(int x,int y,int z):year(x),month(y),day(z){}
    Time(){year=month=day=0;}
    int getYear(){return year;}
    void setYear(int y){year=y;}
    int getMonth(){return month;}
    void setMonth(int m){month=m;}
    int getDay(){return day;}
    void setDay(int d){day=d;}
    bool operator<(const Time &t)const
{
  return year!=t.year?year<t.year:month!=t.month?month<t.month:day<t.day;
}
  friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &out,Time &t);
  friend istream &operator>>(istream &in,Time &t);
};
ostream &operator<<(ostream& out,Time &t)
{
      out<<t.year<<" "<<t.month<<" "<<t.day;
      return out;
}
istream &operator>>(istream &in,Time &t)
{
  in>>t.year>>t.month>>t.day;
  return in;
}
class Record
{
    int id;//学号
    string name;
    int sh;//书号
    Time start;
    Time end;
    int xj;//0的时候可续借一次，续借后为1
    int bz;//记录标志，借出书时为1，归还后为0
public:
    Record(int a,string na,int s,Time t1,Time t2):start(t1),end(t2)
    {
      id=a;
      name=na;
      sh=s;
      xj=0;
      bz=1;
    }
    Record(){}
    int getId(){return id;}
    void setId(int i){id=i;}
    string getName(){return name;}
    void setName(string na){name=na;}
    int getSh(){return sh;}
    Time getS(){return start;}
    Time getE(){return end;}
    void setE(Time e){end=e;}
    int getXj(){return xj;}
    void setXj(int x){xj=x;}
    int getBz(){return bz;}
    void setBz(int b){bz=b;}
    friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &out,Record &r);
    friend istream &operator>>(istream &in,Record &r);
};
ostream &operator<<(ostream &out,Record &r)
{
    out<<r.id<<" "<<r.name<<" "<<r.sh<<" ";
    out<<r.start<<" ";
    out<<r.end<<" ";
    out<<r.xj<<" "<<r.bz<<endl;
    return out;
}
istream &operator>>(istream &in,Record &r)
{
    in>>r.id;
    if(r.id==-1) return in;
    in>>r.name>>r.sh>>r.start>>r.end>>r.xj>>r.bz;
    return in;
}
class User
{
  int id;
  string name;
  int max;
  int now;
  int wj;//违纪时为1
  int num;//记录条数
  vector<Record>v1;
  vector<Record>::iterator it1;
  multimap<int,int>m1;
  multimap<int,int>::iterator mit1;
  multimap<Time,int>m2;
  multimap<Time,int>::iterator mit2;
public:
User(int i,string s,int n,int w)
{
        id=i;
        name=s;
        max=10;
        now=n;
        wj=w;
}
User()
{
        id=2017;
        name="null";
        max=10;
        now=0;
        wj=0;
}
    int getId(){return id;}
    void setId(int i){id=i;}
    string getName(){return name;}
    void setName(string na){name=na;}
    int getMax(){return max;}
    void setMax(int m){max=m;}
    int getNow(){return now;}
    void setNow(int n){now=n;}
    int getWj(){return wj;}
    void setWj()
    {
        wj=1;
    }
    int getNum(){return num;}
    void setNum(int n){num=n;}
    void add(Record r1);
    int search1(int n);
    int search2(Time t);
    void dispAllRecord();
    vector<Record>getRecord(){return v1;}
    multimap<int,int>getM1(){return m1;}
    multimap<Time,int>getM2(){return m2;}
    void clear1(){v1.clear();}
    void setJs(int s,Time t);
    bool operator ==(User &u1)
{
        if(this->id==u1.getId())
        return 1;
        else
        return 0;
}
    void operator =(User &u)
{
    id=u.getId();
    name=u.getName();
    max=u.getMax();
    now=u.getNow();
    wj=u.getWj();
    num=u.getNum();
    v1=u.getRecord();
    m1=u.getM1();
    m2=u.getM2();
}
    friend istream &operator>>(istream &in,User &u);
    friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &out,User &u);
};
void User::add(Record r1)
{
    int i;
    v1.push_back(r1);
    i=v1.size();
    m1.insert(make_pair(r1.getSh(),i-1));
    m2.insert(make_pair(r1.getS(),i-1));
}
int User::search1(int n)
{
    mit1=m1.find(n);
    if(mit1!=m1.end())
    {
        return mit1->second;
    }
    else
    return -1;
}
 void User::setJs(int s,Time t)
{
        int i;
        i=search1(s);
        if(i!=-1)
{
        v1[i].setBz(0);
        v1[i].setE(t);
}
}
int User::search2(Time t)
{
    mit2=m2.find(t);
    if(mit2!=m2.end())
    {
        return mit2->second;
    }
    else return -1;
}
void User::dispAllRecord()
{
    for(it1=v1.begin();it1!=v1.end();it1++)
    cout<<*it1;
}
istream &operator>>(istream &in,User &u)
{
  in>>u.id;
  if(u.id==-1) return in;
  in>>u.name>>u.max>>u.now>>u.wj;
  in>>u.num;
 return in;
}
ostream &operator<<(ostream &out,User &u)
{
    out<<u.id<<" "<<u.name<<" "<<u.max<<" "<<u.now<<" "<<u.wj<<endl;
    out<<u.num<<endl;
    if(u.getNum()!=0)
    for(int i=0;i<u.getNum();i++)
    out<<u.v1[i];
    return out;
}
class Book
{
   int sh;//书号
   string name;//书名
   string writer;//作者
   string publish;//出版日期
   int jc;//借出数量
   int sy;//剩余数量
   int sum;//每类书的总数
   int num;//记录条数
   vector<Record>v3;
   vector<Record>::iterator it3;
   multimap<int,int>m3;
   multimap<int,int>::iterator mit3;
   multimap<Time,int>m4;
   multimap<Time,int>::iterator mit4;
public:
    Book(int s,string na,string w,string p,int a,int b,int c,int n):sh(s),name(na),writer(w),publish(p),jc(a),sy(b),sum(c),num(n){}
    Book(){}
    int getSh(){return sh;}
    void setSh(int s){sh=s;}
    string getName(){return name;}
    void setName(string na){name=na;}
    string getWriter(){return writer;}
    void setWriter(string w){writer=w;}
    string getPublish(){return publish;}
    void setPublish(string p){publish=p;}
    int getJc(){return jc;}
    void setJc(int j){jc=j;}
    int getSy(){return sy;}
    void setSy(int s){sy=s;}
    int getSum(){return sum;}
    void setSum(int s){sum=s;}
    int getNum(){return num;}
    void setNum(int n){num=n;}
    vector<Record>getRecord()
    {
        return v3;
    }
    void add(Record r2);
    int search3(int n1);
    int search4(Time t1);
    void dispAllRecord();
    void clear2(){v3.clear();}
    void setJs(int n,Time t);
    friend ostream&operator<<(ostream &out,Book &b);
    friend istream&operator>>(istream &in,Book &b);
};
void Book::add(Record r2)
{
    int i;
    v3.push_back(r2);
    i=v3.size();
    m3.insert(make_pair(r2.getId(),i-1));
    m4.insert(make_pair(r2.getS(),i-1));
}
int Book::search3(int n)
{
    mit3=m3.find(n);
    if(mit3!=m3.end())
    {
        return mit3->second;
    }
    else
    return -1;
}
int Book::search4(Time t)
{
    mit4=m4.find(t);
    if(mit4!=m4.end())
    {
        return mit4->second;
    }
    else return -1;
}
void Book::dispAllRecord()
{
    for(it3=v3.begin();it3!=v3.end();it3++)
    cout<<*it3;
}
void Book::setJs(int n,Time t)
{
        int i;
        i=search3(n);
        if(i!=-1)
    {
        v3[i].setBz(0);
        v3[i].setE(t);
    }
}
istream&operator>>(istream &in,Book &b)
{
     in>>b.sh;
     if(b.sh==-1) return in;
     in>>b.name>>b.writer>>b.publish>>b.jc>>b.sy>>b.sum;
     in>>b.num;
return in;
}
ostream&operator<<(ostream &out,Book &b)
{    out<<b.sh<<" "<<b.name<<" "<<b.writer<<" "<<b.publish<<" "<<b.jc<<" "<<b.sy<<" "<<b.sum<<endl;
     out<<b.num<<endl;
     if(b.getNum()!=0)
{
     for(b.it3=b.v3.begin();b.it3!=b.v3.end();b.it3++)
     out<<*b.it3;
}
     return out;
}
class Client
{
    vector<Book>v5;
    vector<Book>::iterator it5;
    multimap<int,int>m5;
    multimap<int,int>::iterator mit5;
    User u;
public:
     Client(int id)
    {
        load1(id);
        load2();
    }
    ~Client()
    {
        save1();
        save2();
    }
    void load1(int n);
    void load2();
    void save1();
    void save2();
    int search5(int s);
    void borrow();//借书
    void back();//还书
    void display1()
    {
        cout<<u;
    }
    void display2()
{
      for(it5=v5.begin();it5!=v5.end();it5++)
    {
        cout<<*it5;
    }
}
};
void Client::load1(int n)
{
    User u;
    ifstream infile("20171814Stu.txt",ios::in);
    if(!infile)
    return ;
    while(infile>>u)
{
    if(u.getNum()!=0)
    {
    for(int i=0;i<u.getNum();i++)
    {
        Record r;
        infile>>r;
        u.add(r);
    }
    }
        if(u.getId()==n)
        {
            this->u=u;
        }
     u.clear1();
    }
    infile.close();
}
void Client::load2()
{
    Book b;
    int i;
    ifstream infile("20171814Book.txt",ios::in);
    if(!infile)
    return;
    v5.clear();
    m5.clear();
    i=0;
    while(infile>>b)
{
    if(b.getNum()!=0)
{
    for(int j=0;j<b.getNum();j++)
    {
        Record r;
        infile>>r;
        b.add(r);
    }
}
    v5.push_back(b);
    m5.insert(make_pair(b.getSh(),i));
    i++;
    b.clear2();
}
    infile.close();
}
void Client::save1()
{
    User u1;
    vector<User>v;
    vector<User>::iterator it;
    ifstream infile("20171814Stu.txt",ios::in);
    if(!infile)
    return;
    while(infile>>u1)
    {
    if(u1.getNum()!=0)
    {
    for(int i=0;i<u1.getNum();i++)
    {
        Record r;
        infile>>r;
        u1.add(r);
    }
    }
        if(u1==this->u)
        {
            u1=this->u;
        }
    v.push_back(u1);
    u1.clear1();
    }
    infile.close();
    ofstream outfile("20171814Stu.txt",ios::out);
    if(!outfile)
    return ;
    for(it=v.begin();it!=v.end();it++)
    {
        outfile<<*it;
    }
    outfile.close();
}
void Client::save2()
{
  ofstream outfile("20171814Book.txt",ios::out);
  if(!outfile)
  return ;
  for(it5=v5.begin();it5!=v5.end();it5++)
  {
    outfile<<*it5;
  }
  outfile.close();
}
int Client::search5(int s)
{
    mit5=m5.find(s);
    if(mit5!=m5.end())
    {
        return mit5->second;
    }
    else
    return -1;
}
void Client::borrow()
{
    if(u.getWj()!=1)
{
    int s;//书号
    Time t1,t2;
    cin>>s>>t1;
    if(t1.getMonth()+2>12)
    {
       t2.setYear(t1.getYear()+1);
       t2.setMonth(t1.getMonth()-10);
       t2.setDay(t1.getDay());
    }
    else
    {
       t2.setYear(t1.getYear());
       t2.setMonth(t1.getMonth()+2);
       t2.setDay(t1.getDay());
    }
    int a=search5(s);
    if(u.getNow()<u.getMax())
{
    v5[a].setJc(v5[a].getJc()+1);
    v5[a].setSy(v5[a].getSy()-1);
    v5[a].setNum(v5[a].getNum()+1);
    u.setNow(u.getNow()+1);
    u.setNum(u.getNum()+1);
    Record r(u.getId(),u.getName(),s,t1,t2);
    v5[a].add(r);
    u.add(r);
}
}
else
    cout<<"该生有违纪现象不能借书";
}
void Client::back()
{
    int s;
    Time e;
    cin>>s>>e;
    int a=search5(s);
    v5[a].setJc(v5[a].getJc()-1);
    v5[a].setSy(v5[a].getSy()+1);
    v5[a].setJs(u.getId(),e);
    u.setNow(u.getNow()-1);
    u.setJs(s,e);
}
class Administrator
{
    vector<User>v6;
    vector<User>::iterator it6;
    multimap<int,int>m6;
    multimap<int,int>::iterator mit6;
    vector<Book>v7;
    vector<Book>::iterator it7;
    multimap<int,int>m7;
    multimap<int,int>::iterator mit7;
public:
     Administrator()
    {
        load3();
        load4();
    }
    ~Administrator()
    {
        save3();
        save4();
    }
    void load3();
    void load4();
    void save3();
    void save4();
    int search6(int n);
    int search7(int s);
    void addUser();
    void deleteUser();
    void addBook();
    void deleteBook();
};
void Administrator::load3()
{   User u;
    int i;
    ifstream infile("20171814Stu.txt",ios::in);
    if(!infile)
    return;
    v6.clear();
    m6.clear();
    i=0;
  while(infile>>u)
{
   if(u.getNum()!=0)
    {
    for(int i=0;i<u.getNum();i++)
    {
        Record r;
        infile>>r;
        u.add(r);
    }
    }
   v6.push_back(u);
   m6.insert(make_pair(u.getId(),i));
   i++;
   u.clear1();
}
    infile.close();
}
void Administrator::load4()
{
    Book b;
    int i;
    ifstream infile("20171814Book.txt",ios::in);
    if(!infile)
    return;
    v7.clear();
    m7.clear();
    i=0;
    while(infile>>b)
{
     if(b.getNum()!=0)
{
    for(int j=0;j<b.getNum();j++)
    {
        Record r;
        infile>>r;
        b.add(r);
    }
}
   v7.push_back(b);
   m7.insert(make_pair(b.getSh(),i));
   i++;
   b.clear2();
}
    infile.close();
}
void Administrator::save3()
{
    ofstream outfile("20171814Stu.txt",ios::out);
    if(!outfile)
    return ;
    for(it6=v6.begin();it6!=v6.end();it6++)
    {
        outfile<<*it6;
    }
    outfile.close();
}
void Administrator::save4()
{
  ofstream outfile("20171814Book.txt",ios::out);
  if(!outfile)
  return ;
  for(it7=v7.begin();it7!=v7.end();it7++)
  {
    outfile<<*it7;
  }
  outfile.close();
}
int Administrator::search6(int n)
{
    mit6=m6.find(n);
    if(mit6!=m6.end())
    {
        return mit6->second;
    }
    else
    return -1;
}
int Administrator::search7(int s)
{
    mit7=m7.find(s);
    if(mit7!=m7.end())
    {
        return mit7->second;
    }
    else
    return -1;
}
void Administrator::addUser()
{
    User u;
    int i;
    while(1)
    {
        cin>>u;
        if(u.getId()==-1) break;
        if(u.getNum()!=0)
       {
        for(int i=0;i<u.getNum();i++)
       {
        Record r;
        cin>>r;
        u.add(r);
       }
       }
        v6.push_back(u);
        i=v6.size();
        m6.insert(make_pair(u.getId(),i-1));
        u.clear1();
    }
}
void Administrator::deleteUser()
{
  int n;
  cin>>n;
  int i;
  i=search6(n);
  //cout<<i<<endl;
  if(i!=-1)
{
  it6=v6.begin()+i;
  m6.erase(m6.find(n));
  v6.erase(it6);
}
}
void Administrator::addBook()
{
    Book b;
    int i;
    while(1)
    {
        cin>>b;
        if(b.getSh()==-1) break;
        if(b.getNum()!=0)
        {
            for(int i=0;i<b.getNum();i++)
        {
            Record r;
            cin>>r;
            b.add(r);
        }
        }
        v7.push_back(b);
        i=v7.size();
        m7.insert(make_pair(b.getSh(),i-1));
        b.clear2();
    }
}
void Administrator::deleteBook()
{
  int s;
  cin>>s;
  int i;
  i=search7(s);
  //cout<<i<<endl;
  if(i!=-1)
{
  it7=v7.begin()+i;
  m7.erase(m7.find(s));
  v7.erase(it7);
}
}
int main()
{
/*
  Administrator A;
  A.addUser();
  //A.deleteUser();
  A.addBook();
  //A.deleteBook();
*/
    int id;
    cin>>id;
    Client c(id);
   //c.display1();
   //c.display2();
    //c.borrow();
   c.back();
    return 0;
}

        将近三周的图书管理系统课题作业也算是结束了，从开始接触这个系统到完成，中间不知加了多少个夜晚，也不知改了多少次，好在最后的结果也不是太差，也正是体现了有多少付出就有多少收获。

       此图书管理系统可以简单实现书籍的添加删除，学生信息的添加删除，以及学生借书、还书等功能。（后续如果有时间会增加续借，多种方式查找信息的功能）。目前此系统运用了“类与对象”“运算符重载”“STL”等知识，后续还会加入“继承”“多态”（记录类可作为基类，由图书和用户来继承，应该可以缩短不少代码;然后用户登录与管理员使用多态来处理）。

      在编写过程中，遇到问题了很多问题，如信息写入文件后，不能再重复读入；不能准确的查找到信息；新知识运用的不够灵活，掌握的不够好，等等。其中文件的读写这个问题比较严重，第一次使用文件流很多东西还不懂，就去看了不少网课和有关的博客，还有c++ primer plus，最后照着葫芦画瓢写了出来吧，日后还要多多研究。寻找并改正错误的过程也很艰辛，一点一点检查排除，记得在排查multimap中搜寻不到的时候，还使用了单步调试。

      编写到目前这版遇到了大大小小许多问题，这是对学到知识的检测以及耐心的考验。这次课题作业也让我懂得了在遇到问题要心平气和慢慢的来，不能着急，多查查资料，多请教一下同学，心急吃不了热豆腐。

       以上就是对这次图书管理系统课题的心得。还有很多要努力的，加油！！