学习笔记1--环境

*【Yarn】
1.定位：包管理工具，替代
2.优点
  安装速度快：服务器速度快，并行下载；
  版本锁定：安装过后会形成锁文件；
  缓存机制：在本地缓存，可以断网使用
3.安装
    npm install -g yarn
4.语法
    yarn init                      ---     npm init
    yarn                           ---     npm install
    yarn global add xxxx@x.x.x     ---     npm install xxx@x.x.x
    yarn add xxxx@x.x.x            ---     npm install xxxx@x.x.x --save
    yarn add xxxx@x.x.x --dev      ---     npm install xxxx@x.x.x --save-dev
    yarn remove xxx                ---     npm unistall xxx --save
    yarn run xxx                   ---     npm run xxx
PS：deprecate 过时，官网推荐使用安装包安装（或者查看官方网站）
*【webpack】
一个前段资源加载/打包工具
yarn add webpack@3.10.0 --dev
多版本webpack共存解决方案:node_module/.bin/webpack
*npx webpack --config webpack.config.js

1.webpack需要处理的文件
    HTML -->html-webpack-plugin
    脚本 -->babel(ES6) + babel-preset-react(React)    (ES6 React)
    样式 -->css-loader + sass-loader  + style-loader
    图片/字体--> url-loader + file-loader
2.常用模块
html-webpack-plugin：html单独打包成文件
extract-text-webpack-plugin:样式打包成单独文件
CommonsChunkPlugin：提出通用模块（超过一定引用，就会被抽取出来）
3.webpack-dev-server
    为webpack项目提供web服务
    本项目使用2.9.7
    更改代码自动刷新，路径转发
    yarn add webpack-dev-server@2.9.7 --dev
    解决多版本共存问题
*【<meta name="viewPoint" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1">】
initial-scale=1：防止手机变形，比例为1

4.plugins
    -1.mini-css-extract-plugin
        .requires webpack 4 to work
        .his plugin should be used only on production builds without style-loader in the loaders chain
    -2.url-loader
        依赖file-loader

         rules: [
                    {
                       test: /\.js$/,
                       exclude: /(node_modules)/,
                       use: {
                           loader: 'babel-loader',
                           options: {
                               presets: ['env','react'],
                           }
                       }
                   },
                   {
                       test: /\.(sa|sc|c)ss$/,
                       use: [
                           MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
                           "css-loader",
                           'sass-loader'
                       ]
                   },
                   {
                       test: /\.(png|jpg|gif)$/i,
                       use: [
                           {
                               loader: 'url-loader',
                               options: {
                                   limit: 8192
                               }
                           }
                       ]
                   }
              ]

     
    -3. SplitChunksPlugin、抽取公共模块
        Since webpack v4, the CommonsChunkPlugin was removed in favor of optimization.splitChunks
         

optimization: {
                splitChunks: {
                    chunks: 'async',
                    minSize: 30000,
                    maxSize: 0,
                    minChunks: 1,
                    maxAsyncRequests: 5,
                    maxInitialRequests: 3,
                    automaticNameDelimiter: '~',
                    name: true,
                    cacheGroups: {
                        vendors: {
                            test: /[\\/]node_modules[\\/]/,
                            priority: -10
                        },
                        default: {
                            minChunks: 2,
                            priority: -20,
                            reuseExistingChunk: true
                        }
                    }
                }
            }

    "scripts": {
        "dev"       : "node_modules/.bin/webpack-dev-server",
        "dist"      : "WEBPACK_ENV=online node_modules/.bin/webpack -p",
        "dist_win"  : "set WEBPACK_ENV=online&& node_modules/.bin/webpack -p" //-p:线上环境打包
      },

/*************示例代码************/

{
  "scripts": {
    "dev"       : "node_modules/.bin/webpack-dev-server",
    "dist"      : "WEBPACK_ENV=online node_modules/.bin/webpack -p",
    "dist_win"  : "set WEBPACK_ENV=online&& node_modules/.bin/webpack -p"
  },
  "devDependencies": {
    "babel-core": "^6.26.3",
    "babel-loader": "^7.1.5",
    "babel-preset-env": "^1.7.0",
    "babel-preset-react": "^6.24.1",
    "css-loader": "^1.0.0",
    "file-loader": "^1.1.11",
    "html-webpack-plugin": "^3.2.0",
    "mini-css-extract-plugin": "^0.4.1",
    "node-sass": "^4.9.3",
    "sass-loader": "^7.1.0",
    "style-loader": "^0.22.1",
    "url-loader": "^1.1.1",
    "webpack": "^4.16.5",
    "webpack-dev-server": "^3.1.5"
  },
  "dependencies": {
    "font-awesome": "^4.7.0",
    "react": "^16.4.2",
    "react-dom": "^16.4.2",
    "webpack-cli": "^3.1.0"
  }
}

const path = require('path')

const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin')
const MiniCssExtractPlugin = require('mini-css-extract-plugin')

module.exports = {
    entry:'./src/app.js',
    output:{
        path:path.resolve(__dirname,'dist'),
        filename: 'js/app.js'
    },
    plugins:[
        new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
            template:'./src/index.html'
        }),
        new MiniCssExtractPlugin({
            // Options similar to the same options in webpackOptions.output
            // both options are optional
            filename: "css/[name].css",
            chunkFilename: "[id].css"
        })
    ],
    module: {
        rules: [
            {
                test: /\.js$/,
                exclude: /(node_modules)/,
                use: {
                    loader: 'babel-loader',
                    options: {
                        presets: ['env','react'],
                    }
                }
            },
            {
                test: /\.(sa|sc|c)ss$/,
                use: [
                    MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,
                    "css-loader",
                    'sass-loader'
                ]
            },
            {
                test: /\.(png|jpg|gif)$/i,
                use: [
                    {
                        loader: 'url-loader',
                        options: {
                            limit: 8192,
                            name:'resource/[name].[ext]'
                        }
                    }
                ]
            },
            {
                 test: /\.(svg|woff|woff2|eot|ttf|otf)$/,
                 use: [
                     {
                         loader:'file-loader',
                         options: {
                             limit: 8192,
                             name:'resource/[name].[ext]'
                         }
                     }
                 ]
            }
        ]
    },
    devServer: {
          contentBase: './dist'
    },
    optimization: {
        splitChunks: {
            chunks: 'async',
            minSize: 30000,
            maxSize: 0,
            minChunks: 1,
            maxAsyncRequests: 5,
            maxInitialRequests: 3,
            automaticNameDelimiter: '~',
            name: true,
            cacheGroups: {
                vendors: {
                    test: /[\\/]node_modules[\\/]/,
                    priority: -10
                },
                default: {
                    minChunks: 2,
                    priority: -20,
                    reuseExistingChunk: true
                }
            }
        }
    }
}